Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/110

 EBYMNAE. S53, PdopomAiaea, pp. 203, 204, 224; Boblajre, J2(icWdlet, &C. ppw 118, 124; Cortins, Pelopoi^ nuoij vol. i. ppw 17, 384.)^ > ERYMNAE ("Efrnfuftd: Eth, 'Epu/uroZof), a town of Ljcia, Oil the aa^oritj of the Lifciaea of Alex- $Dder. (Steph. B. «. v.) [G. L.] EBYTHEIA INSULA. [Qades.] ERTTHrNI (JEpuefow), a place on the coast of Paphlagonia, mentioned in the Homeric poems (/^ ii. 855)! R has been supposed, however, that the whole of the passage on the Paphlagonians and their towns was an interpoUtion of later times, and that the old poet was nnaoqnauited with the Eozine and its coasts. (Schlegel, de Oeogr. Horn, p. 135; Broska, cfe Geogr, My(h, p. 58.) Strabo (xi. p. 545) fixed the position of the town upon two rocks, called, from their colour, *Epv6^iriM. (Comp. Anon, PeripL p. 6.) It was situated 90 stadia £. of Amattris, and 60 stadia N. of Cromna. [E. B. J.] ERYTHRAE CEfwOpo/: Eth, "Zpvepaios^ an ancient town in Boeotia, mentioned by Homer, and said to have been the mother-city of Eiythne in ^r^^I|^Mi» (Horn. II ii. 499; Strab. ix. p. 404). It lay a little south of the Asopus, at the foot of Mount Cithaeron. The camp of Mardonius extended along the Asopus from Erythrae and past Hysiae to the territory of Plataea. (Herod, ix. 15, 25.) Erythrae is fi«quently mentioniBd by other autho- rities in connectiun with Hysiae. It was in ruins in the time of Pansanias. LfCake pUuses it to the eastward of KaUila at the foot of the rocks, where axe some foundations of Hellenic walla, together with a church containing a Doric column and its capital. (Thuc iii 24; Enrip. Bacch, 751; Xen. StU. ▼. 4. § 49, where it is called 'EpvOpci; Pans. ix. 2. § 1 ; StepL B. #. 9.; Leake, NoHkem GreecCf ToL ii. p. 329.) 3. A town of the Locri Ozolae, probably the har- bour of Eupalium. (Liv. xxviii. 8; Steph. B. *. v.; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 618.) ERYTHRAE QZpvB^i Eth, *Zpv0pa!os), '<a city of the lonians " (Steph. B. $, v.), on tho au- thority of the Asia of Hecataeus ; to which the oompiler adds, — ** and it was called Ky«iro^o^ir, from Cnopns." Erythrae was one of the Ionian dties. (Herod. L 142.) According to the legend told by Pansanias (vii. 3. § 7), the place was ori- ginally settled by Erythms, the son of Rhadaman- thus, from Crete; and the city was occuiHed, together with Cretans, by Lydans, Carians,and Pamphylians. Whileall these people were livingtogether in Erythrae, Cleopus the son of Codrus, having collected from all the cities of Ionia such as he could from each, intro- duced them into the place, to live with the Ery thraei. Strabo (p. 633) has the tradition of Cnopus, an ille- gitimate SOD of Codrus, founding Erythrae. Accord- ing to Casaubon, the MSS. of Strabo have the name ''Cnopus," which he would alter to *' Cleopus;" but perhaps *' Cleopus " in Pansanias should be corrected. Polyaenus (viii.43) has the story of Cnopus, and how, by a stratagem, he got possession of Erythrae, after killing the inhabitants; a story which has the ad- vantage over that of Pausanias in probability, for we can coooeive a general massacre of the original inhabitants of Erythrae and the seizure of their town, better than tho stocy of Cnopus and his men walking in to live together with the original people. Hippias of Erythrae, in the second book of his His- tories of his native place, told a story of the murder •f Cnopus and the usurpation of his power by Or- lyges, and of the extravagapt tyranny and violent /ERYTHRAJC. aftt de&th of Ortyges; which Athenaenft has pr^rved) (vi. p. 259). The early history of Erythrae, like that of most of the Ionian towns in Asia, was un- known. Straboy in another place (p. 404), calls it a settlement from Erythrae in Boeotia. Strabo (pw 644) describes Erjrthrae as being in the peninsula which he calls the peninsula of the Teians and the Erythraeans. He places the Tei-v ans on the south of the isthmus, and the Glazo- menii on the north side [Clazomenas]; and thei Erythratt dwell within it. The boundary between the Erythraea and Clazomenae was the Hypocrem-. nus. On the south, Erae or- Gerae [Eras] belonged to the Teians. The peninsula lying west of a line drawn from Gerae to Hypocremnus must be supposed to be the Erythraean territory. As we proceed north and west from Gerae we come to Corycus [Cobycub; Caststes], then another harbour luuned Erythras ; and, after it, several others. After Corycus was a small island, Halonnesus, then Argennum, a pro- montory of the Erythraea, and the nearest point to Chios. [Aroennum.] On the west side of the Erythraean peninsula is a capacious bay, in which Erythrae is situated, opposite to the island of Chios; and there were in front of Erythrae four small blands called Hippi. The rugged tract which lies north of a line drawn from Erythrae to the Hypocremnus was called Mimas, a lofty mountain region, covered with forests, and abounding in wild aniinals. It con* tained a village, Cylwllia, and the north-western point was called Melaena, where there was a quarry for millstones. PHny describes Mimas as running out " OCL M. P.," which is a great blunder or error in his text, whatever way we take it : he adds that Mimas sinks down in the plains that jwi it to the mainland; and that this level of 7^ Roman miles Alexander- ordered to be cut through by joining the two bays^ and so he intended to insulate Erythrae and Mimas. Pliny doubtless found the story somewhere; and possibly among otlier grand things that the Mace- donian king talked of, this may have been one. The rugged insulated territory of the Erythraei produced good wheat and wine. Herodotus (i. 142) makes four varieties or dialects of language among the lonians ; and the dialect of Chios and Erythrae was the same. The geogra- phical position of Erythrae, indeed, places it among, the insular rather than the continental states <^ Ionia. The neighbourhood of Chios and Erythrae and the sameness of language did not make the people the best friends always, fur there is a story of a war between them (Herod. L 18) at an early pe- riod. This may be the war to which Antideidea aUuded in hU NotH (Athen. ix. p. 384). The Ery- thraei furnished eight ships to the confederate Ionian fleet which was defeated in the baUle before Miletus, B. c. 494 (Herod, vu 8), but the Ghians had 100 ships. Erythrae afterwards became a dependency of Athens, for a revolt of Erythrae is mentioned by Thucydides (vi'ii. 23) b. o. 412, in the tweotieUi year of the Peloponnesian War. After the close of the war with Antiochns, the Romans rewarded the Chians, Smymaeans, and Ery- thraeans, with some territory in return for their services on the Roman side. (Liv. xxxviii. 39 ; Po- lyb. xxii. 27.) Parium on the Propontis was a ookny from Erythrae (Pans. ix. 27. § 1) ; but Strabo makes it a joint settlement of the Eryth- raeans, Milesians, and the islaiul of Pams (j^ 588.) Erythrae was famed in ancient times for a wiao woman, Sibylla, as Strabo calls her ; and in the. 3i 2