Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 2.djvu/10

 DANtJM. ' ** wtter* Aocordiiig to Adeltmg, Duirnblds metna "the upper water" and (Din)-ister "the lower water." The earlier writers entertained Tery ragae and contradictory notions about the soorois of this . mighty riyer; thus Pindar makes it flow from the country of the Hyperboroans, Aeechylns from the Bhipaean moantainB, Herodotns (iL 33) fivm the country of the Celts in the extreme west (somewhere about the Pyrsnees), and S^ymnns of Chios (Fragm, 31) likewise from the country of the Celts. After- wards a notion arose that one branch of the Danube flowed into the Adriatic. But these and similar ideas, which were combated by some of the ancients themselTes, were rectified during the conquests ci the Romans in the north and east of Europe. We have already stated that there are three main branches by which the Danube empties itself into the sea; though Strabo appears to assume four, fiar out of the seven he mentions, he calls three the lesser ones. Other writers, however, mention only Biz, five, four, three, or even two mouths. The names of these mouths, so far as they are known to ns, are: — (1) the southernmost, called Pence or the sacrum ostium (rh Uft^v or^fio, Strab. vii. p. 305; Ptol. iii. 10. § S); (2) Nancustoma (liapducior or r}f NdfNuroy, Ptol. iii. 10. § 5 ; Arrian, Per^. p. 23); (d)Calon8toaui(T^jraAby(rT4/M); (4) Psen- dostoma (YcvSt^crrofMr, PtQl.iiL 10. § 6); (5) Bo- leoDstoma (B^ioi' orSfjta, Ptd. L c); (6) Thiagola (eioT^Ao, PtoL ill 10. § 4, or Tb tf^iA^ irr6/ta). Bespecting these mouths, three of which were navi- gable in antiquity (P. Mela, iL 1, 8), see Eruse, De Ittri Ostiitt Vratislav. 1820. At present it is im- possible accurately to identify the statements of the ancients about them, as the Danube has undergone very great changes at its mouth. See Eatancsich, J>e Istro^ Budae, 1798, 4to.: Rennell, Comparative Geogr, of Wtat, Atia^ vol. ii. p. 374. [L. &] DANUM, in Briti^ mentioned in the eighth Itinetaiy as being the second station on the road from York to Lincoln. Name for name, and phu% for place, Danum = 2>of»-caster. Danum was the station of the Praefectns Equitum Crispiimorum of the Notitku Boman remains are found at Don- cotter. [B. G. L.] DAOBSI, DAOBIZI (Ao^iCoi, Strsb. vu. p. 315), a people of Ulyricum, who lived on the banks of the Naro. (Strab. L e.) They were allied with the Bomans (oomp. Liv. xIt. 26), and a quarrel between them and the Dalmatians gave a colourable pretext to the republic for its invasion of Dalmatia in B. G. 156. (Polyb. xxxu. 24.) Pliny (iii. 26) describes their territory as beiog parcelled out into seventeen snudl divisions, which he calls ** decuriae." They must have possessed some importance, as a coin has been found with the epigraph of this people, of the same workmanship and type as those of Gentius, king of Dlyricum. (Eckhel, voL i p. 155; BaschOi vol iL pt 1. p. 5].) [£. B. J.] DAPHNE ( Ai^), a celebrated grove and sanc- tuary of Apollo^ near Antioch in Syria. [Aimo- OHEiA.] Both locally and historically it was so cksely connected with the Syrian metropolis, that we can hardly consider the one without the other. We have seen that Antioch was frequently called A M Adpvp and ^ vfAs Aiprrpff and conversely we find Daphne entitled A. ii wp6t ^Amwxtiay, (Joseph. B. J. L 12. § 5.) Though really distant a few miles from Antioch, it was called one of its suburbs (yrpod^ crtuuf, Dion Cass. IL 7 : ^* Amoenum illud et am- bitksom Antinchiae subntbanom," Amm. Marc. zix. DAPHNE. 751 Id, 19). If Antioch has been compared to Pan» [see p. 143], Daphne may be c^led its Ver- saiBet, It was situated to the west, or rather to the south- west, of Antioch, at a distance of about 5 miles, or 40 stadia, and on higher ground than the metro- polis itself {MfMctnai rrrrupiMnrra trraiious ^ Adptnffj Strab. xvL p. 750 ; comp. the Jerusalem Itinerary, Wesseling, p. 581). The place was natu- rally of extreme beauty, with perennial fount.<iins, and abundant wood. (Liban. AiUuxA, p. 356.) Here a sanctuary was established, with the privi- leges of asylum (2 Mace, iv. 33; Polyaen. viii. 50), which became fiunous thrtmghout the heathen world, and remained for centuries a place of pilgrimage, and the scene of an almost perpetual festival of vice. The zeal with which Gibtjon has described it, m his t wenty- thiyd chapter, Is well known. A)T» **. 0**i// • Daphne, like Antioch, owed its origm to Sclencus ^Hcator; and, as in the case of his metropolis [see pp. 142, 143], so he associated the religious suburb with mythological traditions, which were intended to glorify his family. The fiune of Apollo was con- nected with his own. The fable of the river Peneus was appopriated; and the tree was even shown into which tiie nymph Daphne was transformed.* One of the fountains received the name of the Castalian spring, and the chief honours of the new sanctuaiy were borrowed frmn Delphi. In the midst of a rich and deep grove of bay trees and cypresses (Procop. B. Per*, iL 14), with baths, gardens, and colonnades on every side, Sdeucus built the temple of Apollo and Diana. The statue of the god was colossal : its material was partly marble, «rad partly wood; the artist was Biyaxis the Athenian, whose works were long celebrated at Bhodes and elsewhere. (Gletn. Alex. Protr. § 47.) It is described at length by Libanins {Monod. de Dapknaeo Temploj iii. 334), who states that the god was represented with a harp, and as if in the act of singing (^^« (fiorrt fUXos), With the wonhip of Apollo Aotiochqs Epiphanes as- sociated that of Jupter in the sanctuary of Daphne. This monarch erected here, in honour of that di- vinity (with whom he was singularly fond of iden- tifying himself), a ooloesal statue of ivory and gold, resembling that of Phidias at Olympoa. Games also were established in his honour, as may be seen by . extant coins of Antioch. (See Mfiller's Antiq. An- tiot^ienae, p. 64, note 12.) The games of Daphne are described in Athenaeus. (Ibid, note 13.) What has been said may be enough to give the reader some notion of this celebrated place in the time of the Seleuddae, and in its relation to the Oriental Greeks bdbre the Boman occupation of Syria. It ought to be added, that the rosd between Antioch and Daphne, which passed through the intermediate suburb of Heraclda, was bordered by gardens, foun- tains, and splendid buildings, suitable to the gay prooessions that thronged from the, city gate to the scene of consecrated pleasure. > ' The celebrity of Daphne continued unimpaired for a long period under the Bomans, from Pompey to Constantine. It seems to have been Pompey who enlarged the dimensions of the sacred enclosure to the drcumferenoe of 80 stadia, or 10 miles, men- tioned by Strabo (L e.; see Eutrop. vL 14). Some of the aqueducts erected for the use of Antioch by the Boman emperors were connected with the springs Urh. iL) Phoebeae lauri damns.
 * Whence Antioch is called by Ausonius {Clar.