Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/757

 CYTINIUM. juBtiqiiity WIS owing to its ezoellent cheeseB. (Stoph. B. 8, v.; Eoitath. ad Dicm^, Per. 525; Athen. xii. p. 516; Plin. ziii. 24. b. 27.) Its political ooosti- tation, however, had not escaped the attention of AristoUe. (Harpocrat », v. Ki^iot.) In the war between Philip and the Romans in B.a 200, Cjthnns was occupied bj a Hacedonian garrison. Attains and the Bhodians laid siege to the city; bat being unable to take it immediately, they qnitted the island at the snd of a few days, as the capture of the place was hardly worth the trouble. (Lir. zzzi. 15, 45.) After the death of Nero, Cythnns is mentioned as the place where a fiUse Nero made his appearance, and gathered around him many adherents. (Tac. Hi$t, iL 8, 9.) Cythnns contained a town of the same name, situated about the middle of the wentem coast of the island, upon the summit and sides of a hill at least 600 fSset in height Its harbour waa formed by a small rock lying in front of the town. The ruins of the ancient town are now called Hebraao^ kaairon. The drcnit of the walls may still be traced, though the greater part of them has disap- peared. Within this circuit Boss noticed two large rectangular substructions, divided by a passage a few feet in width ; they were probaUy the foundations of two temples or other publio buildings. From the above-mentioned passage a flight of steps appears to have been cut out of fiie rock, leading down to the sea. Near these stops on the descent to the sea are three chambers cut out of the rock, standing along- side of one another; they were probably a sanctuary, as there is nothing to indicate that they were se- pulchres. The modem name of the isknd, Thermia, is de- rived from some ^ot springs on ite north-eastern side, which are now much frequented from various ports of Greece, for the cure of diseases. They are not mentioned by ancient writers, but appear to have been used in antiquity, as some ancient re- mains are found near them. (Toumefart, Voyage, vol. L p. 251, transl.; Boss, R&ten aurfden Grieeh. Irueln, vol. i. p. 105; Fiedler, Meue dureh Grieck- eiikuidf YcL iL p. 95.) CYZICU& 789 OOCV OF OITUAUS. CYTI'NIUM (Kvriyiop; Kvrcd'iw, Ptol.), one of the four towns of Doris, more frequently men- tioned in history than the other towns of the Tetra- polis. This appears to have been owing to its situation, which rendered it a place of great military importance. Its site corresponds to Gratfidy which <* stands exactly at the northern entrsnce of the pass leading from the valley of Doris to the plain of Amf^iBsa, in the middle of the isthmus included between the Maliac and Grissaean gulfs. The defile is formed by the ravines of two torrents flowing in opposite directions; namely, that of (rravM, which joins the ApottoUd, near the union of the latter with the Cephissus, and that of another stream which crosses the plain of Amphissa into the Crissaean bay." The position of the town, thus commanding this defile, illustrates the intended expedition of Demosthenes from Naupactns in b. a 426. This commander proposed, if he had been successful over the Aetolians, to have marched through the Locri Oaolae, leaving Parnassus im the right, to Cytininm in Doris, and from thence to have descended into Phocis, whose inhabitante were to have joined him in invading Boeotia. (Thuc. iii. 95.) When Eurylochus, the Spartan, shortly after the failure of the expedition of Demosthenes, was about to march from Delphi against Naupactois, he deposited at Cytininm the hostages he had received finxn the Locrians. (Thuc. iii. 101, 102.) In b. g. 838, Cytininm was seized by Philip, from whence he marxihed upon Amphissa (Philochor. op. JHonyt. p. 742). (Comp. Scylaz, p. 24; Strab. ix. p. 427, z. pw 476; Plin. iv. 7. s. 13; Steph. B. «.«. Kvriva; PtoL iii. 15. § 15; Leake, Northern Greece, voL ii. p. 92, seq.) CYTCNIUM. [Cbbtonium.] CYTOHUS and CYTCXBUM (K&mpos: Etk Kv7wptc^r,ym. Kvruptds: there is also Kvrotpfnff, Steph. $,v.). It appears that the name was also Cydorus. (Stoph. t,v. ed. Meinecke, note.) Ite mythical founder was Cytorus, the son of Phrixus, according to Ephorus. (Strab. p. 544.) Strabo and Ptolemy name the place Cytomm; and Scylax, Cytoris. It was between Amastris and Cape Ca- rambis; and according to Strabo once a trading place of the Snopeis. The name Cytorus occurs in the Iliad (ii. 853) together with Sesunus. [Amastbis.] There are said to be remains of Cytorus at a place called Kidrae or Kidroe, which is Uie ancient name. The mountains at the bibck of Cytorus were covered with box trees. " Et juvat undantem buzo spsctare Cytomm.'' (Virg. Geog, iL 437.) ApdloniuB (Arg, ii 944) whom Virgil may have imitated, calls it " wooded Cytorus." The box foreste extended from Amastris to Cytorus. Pliny (vi. 2) mentions ^'Mons Cy- torus," which he places 63 M. P. east of I^um, ^, y i j and Tium is near the mouth of the BiUaeua. 0'^ ' "* ' ^' ^ Leake {Ana Minor, p. 307) has pointed out a singular blunder in the Table. The places that are marked on the Table between Amasia and Sinope are — Cromen, Cythero,e Egilan, Carambas, Ste&no, Syrtas, which ** are evidentiy intended for Cromna, Cytomm, AegiaU, Carambis, Stefone, Syrias ; the sum of the distances 149 M.P. is tolerably correct," He supposes that the author was misled by the similarity of the name of Amastris, written Mastrum in the Table, with that of Amasia; but this sup- position does not seem to explain the origin of the blunder satisfoctorily. The places that the Table gives between Mastrum (Amastris) and Sinope, are unknown. Forlnger (^Geog, vol il p. 436) takes all these names on the Table between Amasia and Sinope to be genuine names; and so he has Cromen, Cytherum, &c., as places on the road from Amasia to Sinope: but this is certainly not sa There is a place on the Table, named Thomia, between Stofone and Syrtas. which Leake does not mention. But whatever difSculty there may be about this one name, the blunder in the Table is manifest. [6. L.] CrZICUS (i^ KvCucosi Eih. ¥ix>i,tiaiv6s) and ^ CYZICtJM (Plm. V. 32 ; MeU, i. 19), a city on tiie • Propootis m Mysia, (m the neck of a peninsula as Mela says. The peninsula, which prqjecte into the Propontis or sea (^ Marmora on the south coast, is joined to the mainland by a sandy isthmus. Crossing this isthmus from the mainland, a traveller finds on his left the miserable town of Erdek, the ancient