Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/748

 7S0 CTPBT7& T. 14. § 1 : TV^pcmo). Then the raidttead and harixmr of Papbos (ni^f ). The cape which closes the baj of Bajfo to the W. is the Zephjriam Pro- moDtorinm (Zc^u>y, PtoL r. 14. § 1 ; Zt^vpm iicpa, Strab. p. 683). To the S. is another head- hind, Aninoe ('AfM'Wiy), followed hj Phniriiim (♦potior, PtoL T. 14. § 1 : Ct^ Bkmeo), At a little distance fiirther inhmd was Hierooepia O«po- inrria, Stnb. p. 684). Then follow Pahepaphos (TlttAmwaipos: Kukia or K), Olympos (*'OAi^ wot : MonU Sia, Crooe). Gitinm iurtw) was a large town with a harbour that ooold be cloeed; to the W.of it was the little riverTetios (T^ios, PtoL T. 14. § 2: Tetit)f and to the K the promontoiy Dades (A^Scs, PtoL I c, : KUt). A nigged line of coast foUxms for several miles along a baj which lies between this headland and that of Thrani (Bp6poi: POa). Above PtodaUom (nifMAioy: Capo deOa Greffa)f the next point on the £. coast, rose a hill with a temple consecrated to Aphrodite. The har- bonr Lencolla (A«^XAa: Porta Anio dia e Im- cola). Ammochostos {'AfifA^x^^oSf PtoL t. 14. 1 3; Stadkum. § 287), near the river Pediaeos (Ile- ouMs)f a name which has been transmitted bj cor- mption to the Venetian Famaaottg . Farther N. was Salamis (SoAo^f), Xiaea ('EAo/o, PtoL le.: Chaiul»-hemau)f Urania (p^powl'ns w49oy I8pi?f, Nonn. Dionjfa. ziiL 450), Carpasia (Kopwoo'ta), and the promontory called Dinaretnm, with the islands called the Keys of Cypnis (al KX«<8«f). The iron- boond shore to the NE. was called the shore of the Greeks (*Ax«£r Airr^ : JoItMisa), from the stoiy that Teaoer and his ooknusts had landed here. (Strab. p. 682.) On this coast, 70 stadia from Sa- lamis, was Aphrodiflium ('A^poSiirioy, Ptd. t. 14. § 4; Stnb. p. 682), Macaria (Mwropio, PtoLXc), Cerynia (Kcpdrtia), and Lapethns (Admfios: La- pitko or Zopto). Gape Grommyon (Kpo/nftdm^ ducpa) was the most N. point of the island ; near this were the towns of Cerbia {Ktp^ela) and Soli (XSkot). The prcmiontoiy of CaUinosa (KoAAfvowra) com- pletes the drcttit of the island. In the interior were the towns of Aepeia (Aivcia), Limenia (A^c^fa), Tamassos (Tafiaff<r6s)f Tremithos (TptfuBovs)^ Lenooeia (AfvKMrfa), Ghytms (X&rpos^ and Ma- rium (MdfMOp). An account of these phu»s will be found under their several heads: most of the towns have now disappeared. Gyprus seems to have been colonized by the Phoe- nicians at a very early period, and if we may tmst the Syrian annals consulteid by the historian Menander (Joseph. Ant. viiL 6. § 3, o. Apion. 1. 18; oomp. Viig. Aen, 1, 643), was subject to the Syrians, even in &e time of Solomon. We do not know the dates of the establishment of the Greek cities in this island ; but there can be no doubt but that they were later than this period, and that a considerable portion of the soil and trade of Gyprus passed from the Phoe- nicians to the Greeks. Under Amasis the island became subject to the Aegyptian throne (Herod. iL 182); he probably sent over African colonists. (Comp. Herod. vU. 90.) On tfaeinvaiAn of Acgypl by Gambysses Gypras smnrendered to the PenianSy and furnished a squadron for the expedition. (Herod. iiL 19.) It continued to form a part of the Persian empire, and was with Phoenicia and Palestine the fifth satrapy in the arrangement made' by Dareiua (Herod. iiL 91.) During the Ionian revolt the whole island, except Amathns, threw off the Persian yoke. The Gyprians were attacked by die Pendana by land and sea, and after vaiymg succeas, were de- feated, and their leader Onesilus shun. After thia the island was again subject to Dareius (Herod, t. 104 — 116), and in the expedition of Xerxes fnr- mshed 150 ships. (Herod. viL 90.) After the overthrow of the Persians at Salamis, a Grecian fleet was despatched to Gyprus and reduced the greater part of it (Thuc L 94.) The Atheniana sent out another expedition against it, but in oomeqiMnce of a plague and the death of Gimon, the attempt was relinquished. (Thuc i. 112.) The brilliant pe- riod of its history beloQgs to the times of Evagoraa, king of Salamis, when Hellenic customa and dvili- zation received a new impulse. He was succeeded by his son Nicodes ; another Evagoras, eon of Ni- codes, was joined with Phodon, to recover Gyprus for the king of Persia, finxn whom it had rei^hed. (Diod. xvi. 42, 46.) Gypnis again became a tributaiy to the Persians, and remained such till the battle of Issns, when the several states declared fat Alex- ander, and joined the Macedonian fleet with 120 ships at the rnegd of 1^. (Anian. iL SO.) Thej were afterwards ordered to cruise off the Pelopon- nesus with 100 ships along with the Phoeniciana. (Arrian. iiL 6.) When the empire of Alexander was broken up, Gyprus fell with Aegypt to the lot of Pto- lemy. I>emetrius invaded the ishmd with a power- ful fleet and army, defeated Ptolemy's brother Menelaus, and shut him up in Salamis, which he besieged both by sea and land. Ptolemy hastened to his relief with 140 ships; and after a sea-fight — one of the most memorable in andent history, b. a 306, — the whole island fell into the hands of De- metrius. (Died. XX. 47 — 63; Plut. Demetr. h-^ 18; Pdyaen. iv. 7. § 7; Justin, xv. 2.) In s. a 295, Ptolemy recovered the ishmd, and it became from this time an int^ral portion oif the Aegyptian monarchy. (Plut D^netr, 35, 38.) It fixmed the brightest jewel in the Alexandrian diadem; the tunber of Olympus was used for the navy of Aegypt, and its metallic and other riches contributed to the revenue. Independently of its importance as a mi« litary podtion, the Ptdemies had a peraonal interest in securing it as a place of refoge for themsdves or their treasures, in case of invasicn or intonal revo- lutions. Under the Lagid dynasty, the goremment of the island was committed to some one bdonging to the highest class of the Alexandrian ooort, called the *' kinsmen of the king." This viceroy had fnll powers, as it would appear from the inscri p tio ns in which he is entitled arparjiyhs iral ra^opx^v "^ ipXi^p^ ^ Karii r^y vjjvw, Ptolemy Phikddphns founded the Gyprian dties which bore the name of his wife — Axdnog. On the decline and fidl of Aegypt, Gyprus with Gyrenaica was the only foreign possesdon remaining to the crown. Pdycrates, an Aigive, about b. g. 217, was governor of Gyprus, and secured, by his fdthfhlness and integrity, tiie island for Ptolemy Epiphanes, the infent son aiid snceesaor of Philopator. On the dividon of the nxmarchj between the brothers Ptolemy Philometor and Eoer- getes, Euergetes, in contravention of the amngemcxift