Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/740

 723 CTANEAE. for Dear a mile and a half, when it joins the Anapns immediately below the Olympeinm. It is remark- able at the present day as the only place in Europe that produces the true Egyptian papyrus (Cyperus papyrus): it is not improbable that this plant was intxxKlu<»d firom Egypt by the Syracusan kings, in the days of their intimate relations with the Ptole- mies. (Leake, NgU$ on Syraciue^ p. 252 ; D'Or* Tille, Sicula, p. 190; Hoare's Clou. Tow, vol. ii. p. 163.) On the height above the fountain are some restiges of an ancient building, which may probably mark the site of the temple of the nymph Cyane (t^ T^r KvAtrns Up6v^ Died. xIt. 72) : it was from thence that, in b. o. 396, Dionysius attacked the Carthaginian camp under Himilco; and it therefore probably stood upon elevated ground. [E. H. B.] GYA'NEAE (Plin. ▼. 27). Leake {Ana Minor, p. 188) says that this Lycian town was disoorered west ci Andriaca [Ahdriaca] by Mr. Cockerell. The pUu!e, which is at the heiui of Port Tristomo, was detennined by an inscriptkm. Leake obeenres Hierodes and the Notitiae Episoopatuum it is Cya- neae." But the name ia written Cyaneae in Har- duin*s Pliny. It is said in Spratt and Forbes {Lyda^ vol. ii. p. 27 1 ) : _*< On the high teble hmd between port 7Vw- tomo and the inland valley of Kanabar^ we found three ancient sites, which, from the inscriptions copied at each, appeared to be severally — or perhaps col- lectively —-styled Cyaneae." At one of these places, called 7>fua, a sarcophagus contained the feminine ethnic name Kvorcinr, if it is copied right. A pe- destal found at another place, called Yartnyo, con- tains a Greek inscription of the Boman period, with the usual formula, Kvaycirwr ^ BovXii kcu 6 AtifAOS, And at a thud pkce, named Ohiourirtan, a Greek inscription contained the fbirn Kuavcrrwr : and it is added, — " the words Kvovcirtra' y^powria occur in the inscription on a sarcophagus at the same locality." (Spratt uid Fori)e8, Z^oa, vol. ii. p. 271.) It is singular that three distinct sites seem to have had the name Cyaneae, for the plural form ap- pears to be the genuine name of the place. Tarvoo, which seems to be the chief place, is due north of the head of the port Tristomo: OhiotiritUm is due illorth of TarvoOy and about 3 miles distant, accord- ing to tlie map in Spratt and Forbes's work. Tonta is about WNW. of Jitmroo, and further distant than G/Uourittan, Tttrvoo (Plan in Spratt and Forbes) is on a high platfbnn, with a steep descent on two sides. The walls are in a good state of preservation, and from 5 to 15 feet high. There is a theatre 165 feet in diameter, many phun rock tombs, groups of sarcophagi, and confused heaps of ruins. The remains are of the Roman and middle age con- struction ; and some of a doubtful age. There were none of the «Hlier Lycian tombs and inscriptions. At Touta a Lycian inscription was found. The dty was " small, and surrounded by a rudely con- structed Hellenic wall, very perfect in some parts^ oombining the polygonal and cyclopean styles in its construction." (Spratt and Forbes, LydOf vol. i. p. 111.) It is added: — "it appeared to be a city ranking in importance with Phellus and Candyba, but in a bettor state of preservation." Tovsa is nearly 5 hours from the sea. At GkiourisUm there are three Lycian rock tombs, one of which has a Lycian and Greek inscription. There are numy tombs and sarcophagi here. This is another eiample of the discovery of Lycian / CTBISTRA. towns of which bo historical record has beta pv^ served except the names. It is not easy to oooi* jecture why all these places had the same name. But it is very possible that one of them, Tarvoe, was the chief place under the name of Cyaneae; and that the other two, which bekmged to C^aneat, might have other names, and yet be considiered as depirodent on the chief place, and might be oomne- hmded under the same name. [6. L.J CYAIYEAE INSULAE. [Bo8Pobi». p. 424.] CYA'NEUS (Kv^tot, Phd. ▼. la § 2; Plin. vi. 3. 4), a river of Colchis, a little to the south of Dioscurias. According to Pliny, it must have been a river of some idze; and he designates both it and the Hippus, which fell into the Euzine near it, aa " vasti amnes." It has been oonjoctured that xt is tlie same river which Scylax (p. 32) called the Gyenus (or, according to GaiFs reading, TyeaoM). Bitter (Erdk. toL il pw 915) speaks of a castle called Gonieh in the neighbouriiood, which perhapa confirms the mginal form of the word Gyenus. [V.] CYATHUS. [AcHELOCs.] CYBELEIA (Ki^AcM, Steph. «. v.) or CY- BE'LLU (Streb. p. 645), a dty of knia. Sfanabo, after saying that the mountain liGmaa is between Erythrae imd the Hypocrenmus [CukzoMSKABJ, adds, " then a village Cybellia, and the promontay Mekena." This is all that is known. [G. L.] CYBISTBA (ra K^urrpa i Etk. Kt^urrpt^ coin). Strabo (pi 537), after mentkning Tysna, says " that not fer from it are Castabaht and Cy- bistra, forts which are still nearer to the nxmntain," by which he means Taurus. Cybistra and Caa* tabala were in that division of Cappadoda which was called Cilicia. Leake (^Atia Minora p. 62) aaya that Strabo places Cybistra 300 stadia feom Maaaca [Cabsareia] : but the obscure text seems to mean (p.5S9) that it is 300 stadia from l^ana to CjhUtn, Strabo makes it six days* jonm^ from Maaaca to the Pylae Citidae, through Tyana, which is abovi half way; then he makes it 300 stadia, or about two days' journey, from Tyana to Cybistra, which leavea about a day's joumey fix>m Cybistra to the Pylae ; and this is consistent with the passage already dted. Leake further observes, '* We leam also from tfaa Table that Cybistra was on the road fiom Tyana to Mazaca,and sixty-four Boman mike from the former.'* He thmks that theee data are suffident to fix tba site of Cybistra at JToroAtMar, where are oonsider- able remains of an andent dty. K€erahis$ar is aboal 30 miles SSW. of Masaca (Kauariyeky But Ha- milton (RMearchea, voL ii. p. 293), who visited Karahiamr, says that it contains no vestigea of tm- tiquity ; and b«$ides this, it is plain that, if Strabo's description is right, Karahistar is a long way from Cybistra. Hamilton adds, in a note, that it ia stated on German authority that " Cybistra is at a place called Ptumaktchi^ on the road from Caesareia to the Cllidan pass;" but no more predae indioataon is given. Ptolemy (t. 7) placea Cybistra in Cataonia, but he mentions Cyaistra as one of the towns of ihm Cilida of Cappadoda, and Maxaca as another. It appears, then, that his Cyaistra corresponds to Strabo's Cytnstra, which certainly is not in Cataooia. When M. Cicero was proconsul of Cilida, he led his troops southwards towards the Taurus through that part of Cappadoda which borders on Cilicia, and he encamped ** on the verge of Cappadoda, noi far from Taurus, at a town Cybistra, in order to defend Cilicia, and at the same time hold Cappa- docia " (jad Fom. xv. 2, 4). Cicero stayed five daya
 * that in our copies of Pliny it is " written Cyane; in