Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/736

 718 CUMAE. or Uie wines of Mt. Gaanu, it is tmiwccssarj ta ■pak, but Um btler «ta in tta> time of the Ro pnrfxblj depmdcnt aa Puteoli. In«p«r»bl7 connecttd irith the Dime of Cdiku a tfiat of the Sibjl who, »c™rding lo the general tn^ dilJon of sDIiquity, had her abode there. There is little doubt Ihat the legends connected with her were brongbt bj the Greets from Cjme in Asa Uinor, and were transfeind from Gertie or Gcrgithes in the Trwd to the Italian Camae. (Grote's Creece, vol. iii. p. 473 ; Klaoaen, Aenaa imd dU Penaten, ToL i. pp. 209, alO.) Smilar peculiarities io the Siture of the soil and looalitiea seem to hsve con- tributed to thii : it was dimbtlcss also owing to the ■triliio;; phjetcal charactera of the adjoining region thai the mjths connected with the entrance to Hades became parmanenllj localized abaat Lake Avemus: and the idea of pluing the Cimmeriona of the Odyuej in tJie same naghtwuThood waa pro. babl; on afterthought in later times. It seems likelj, indeed, that tfaeCumaeana were one of the mainciian- Dels iy which the Trq'an and Greek legends weni transfeired In this put of Italy, and the names of Aeneas and Uljsses inseparably aswxaated with the coasts of the Tyrrheruan 6ea. The care of the Sihj-1 was still aappioed ta exist in the historical {nriod ) tJie cavern shown under that name was a vast anbter- lanean chunber or giiitln, hcnn oat of the eaatam ■ids of the rock on which stood the cHadel. (" Ei- dsnm Eaboleae latos ingens rapis in antrum," Virg. Atn. n. 43 ; Paend. Ajist. ^iroi. 9S ; Ljoophr. ISTS— ISSO ; Old, Mel. lir. 104.) Juatln ilartyr, who Tuiited it about the middle of the second century, deKribes it as Uke a great hall or basilica, artifiuall; eicaTBtad, containing three n- ■errmrs of water, and with an inner chamber or recess, frm which the pre^^Ktras used to deliver her oracles. (Jost Mart Paraea. 37.) Agathias, in relating the si^e of Comae bjr Kaisea, also mentions Uie existence of this great cavern, of which that general avuled himself to undermine the walla of the dladel, and by thia means caused them ta fall In, together with the roof of the cavern : and thus destrofed the abode of the Sb;l, though with- out effecting the capture of the fortress. (Agatb. B. C. i. 10.) On the summit of the arx was a temple of Apollo, wbose worship here seems to have been intimately connected with that of the Sib;l, though legends gave it a still more ancieot origin, and aacnbed the foundation of the temple lo Dae- dalus. (Virg. Am. n. 14—19, and Serr. ad loc; Si. Ital. lii. SS— 102 ; Juv. Iii SS.) Some obscure ruins on the amnmit of the hill are supposed to have formed part of this andent edifice : and the remains o( a cavern on the E. face of the cliff an believed to have belonged to that of the Sb;l. Tbe true aiCuation of this was first punted out by Cluveriua ; earlier comntentatoia and topograpbers bad con- founded the cave of the Sibjl herself with Ihe entrance to the infernal regions near the Lake Avemus, and hence the name of Grotta deBa SlbiBa is still popuUrly given to an artifidal ei- cavation on the l»nks of that lake, which has the appearance of an imperfect tunnel, and is in all probabilitj a work of Roman times. (Clnver. Ital. pp.1107— I1I3; Bomaneltt, vol.iil. p. 517.) The existing remains of Cumae are ineonuder- able ; the plain around the tuck of Ihe citadel, in CUNICULAKIAE IKSULAE. other Dianea of masonry, rooit of them of Bonian conetmclioD. To the same period bekKigs a [sclureeque archway in a massive and kAj waU of briek, called the Jrco Fdice, whicii stands en the mad to Pomoti, and is sappoaed hj some to be one of the gates of (he ancient city, bnt the nature of ila oonslructioa isndera this aluioit impossible. Between this and the toot of the rock are the remains of a small temple, popularlj knonn as the Tempio da GigaatL This is all that remaim of Cumae above ground, but excavatioua at diSermt periods have brought to light numerous arcbiteclnral fragments, vases and statues, many of them of Iho beat period of art, and it is pohsble that lew sites would batter reward more systematio researches. (Romanelli, rol. iii. pp. 501, 503; Eustace's Climail Tour, vol. ii. pp. 427 — ii* ; lorio, Gtiida di P<a- CUMEBUS,BpramontoryariHceaum,oc the coast of the Adriatic, still called MoiOt Comero. (Phn. iii. 13, s. IS.) It is formed by a cousiderable moun- tain mass, rising close to the sea-shine, and oeuXj detached from ^e monntaiUB of Ihe iuteriir, eitend- ing abont 10 milea in length- At its northern ex- tremis stood the d^ of Anccna and the amaller town of NnmanB(ir«i(BMi) at its southern end. [KH^.l CUNARUS MONS. [Afknmikus.] CUNAXA (Koiirato, Plot Artax. t B), th* scene rf the battle between Cyrus the Younger and the forces of his brother Artaieriee, in which the former was overthrown and slain. Xenophon i^Atab. i. B) describes the battle fully, but doea not meolkn the name of the place where it was fought. Plutarch, in his life of Artaxcrxefi, baa alone pr^erved it, and 500 stadia from Babylon. Then much di A with a oyal forest: of the field of battle. Benoell (ftJurtr. of At Ra- trtat of&e Ten Thoutand, p. S3) has adoptsd ths distance from Babylon as given by Plntarcb, ss tlut which on the whde appc&rs to accord beet wittx Ihe previous narrntise of Xaiophon. [ V.] CU'NEI. [Cosii] CUKETIO, in Britain, mentioned in the fbnrteentli Itinerary, as bong 15 miles from Sianu (^pooi). | Some locality on the Ktaaat, [B. G. L.l CU'NEUS (Koino)), Le. the Widgt, a uuna applied, from its shape, to that part of the Spamsh penin:juhi wtiicb forms it£ SW. angle, and the & part of Lusitania, from the DHnilh of the Anaa to the Sacuuh Pb. (C. S. Vincent; Artemidi^. ap, Strab iii p. 137). Whether the name waa als^/tf. I- applied sfikifically to the headland just named, is not quite clear from Strabo; butMehi(iii. I) asngns it to the S. headland of the district (C S. Uaria). Rcapecting the people, see Cdmii. [F. S.1 CUTJICI. [BA1.EARR3.] CUNICULA'RIAE IKSULAE is the name given by Pliny to some small ijilinds lying in the iirait which septuatas Gordca from Sardinia, now kiiowa u tbt Straiti of Boni/iKio. They are probably the