Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/727

 CBOCYLEIA. CROCYLEU, or CROCYLEIUM. [Ithaca.} GROOYLEIUM (K/wk^Acioi'), a town in AetdU EpictetuB, Oil the borders of Locris, and one day's march from Potidania. (Thuc. iii. 96.) This town is oonfbanded bj Stephanas B. («. v.) with Grocyleia in Ithaca. CRODUKUM, a place in the Gallia ProTinda, mentioned by Gioero (^ro Font c. 4). There is no indication of its site except what may be derived from this cormpt passage of Gioero. A dnty (poi^ torinm) waa levied on wine carried from Narbomte to Toulofue, and it was levied at Gobiomachnm, which was between these two places. If the mer- chants avoided Gobiomachnm, they were canght either at Grodunnm or Volchalo; which we most assume to be pUces that a man must go through to reach Toulaute from Narboimet if he avoided Go- biomachum. This is all that we know; and yet people will tell us what is the modem site of Gro- dunum. [G. L.] GROMI, or GROMNUS (Kp&fioi, Pans. viii. 3. I 4, 27. § 4, S4. § 6 ; Kp&i»»os, Xen. HeJL vii. 4. § 21 ; Kp«p^ Steph. B. $. v.), a town of Arcadia on the frontierB of Messenia, the inhabitants of which were removed to M^alopolis, on the foundation of the hitter dty in b.g. 371. Its territory is called Caomitis (Kpoffuris) by Pansanias (viii. 84. § 6). It is placed by Boblaye at NeokhMo, but by Leake at Samardf a little westward of Londdrij since the latter writer conceives it to have been on the route leading from Megalopolis to Gamasium, and not on the one leading to Messene. (Boblaye, Recherches, p. 169 ; Leake, MoreOj vol. il. pp. 44, 297, Pdopoth' nesiacoj p. 234.) GRCMMYON (Kpo/x/A^v ixpa, Ptol. v. 14. § 3; Kpoftfidov ixpoy Strab. ziv. pp. 669, 682 ; Kpofi^ fUMur^, StadUum. § 294; Gic. ad Fam, zil 13: CormachUe)f the most N. point of the island of Gyprus, NW. of Lapethus. It lay opposite to Gape Anemurium of Gilicia, from which it was distant 860 stadia. (Strab. ziv. p. 682; Engel, iST^prof, voL L p. 77.) [E. B. J.] GBO^MMYON (Kpofifw<&y, Thue., Xen., Strab. ; KpofivAy, Pans.; Gromyon, Ov. ifet. vii. 435; Kp«M^M^, Scylax, Steph. B. «. v. ; Gremmyon, Plin. iv. 7. s. 1 1 : Eth, K/w/iftM^iOf), a village c^ the Gorinthia on the Saroiiic gulf, but originally the last town of M^aris. It was Uie chief place between the isthmus, properly so called, and Megara; whence the whole of this coast was called the Grommyonia (^ Kpofj^tvtgyia, Strab. viii p. 380). Grommyon was distant 120 stadia from Gorinth (Thuc. iv. 45), and appears to have therefore occupied the site of the ruins near the chapel of St. Theodorus. The ▼ilkge of JTtn^ which many modem travellers suppose to oorrespoid to Grommyon, is much further fran Gorinth than 120 stadia. Grommyon is said by Pansanias to have derived its name from Orommns, the son of Poseidon. It is celebrated in mythology as the haunt of the wild boar destroyed by Theseus. (Psus. iL 1. § 3 ; Stxab. I e. ; Plut Thei. 9; Ov. /. c.) It was taken by the Lacedae- monians in the Gorinthian War, but was recovered by Iphicrates. (Xen. Hdl, iv. 4. § 13, iv. 5. § 19.) (Leake, McT«a, toI. iii. p. 307, Ptioponnietiaoa, pi 308 ; Boblaye, Recherches, &c p. 35 ; Gurtius, Pehpoimetos, vol. ii. p. 555.) GROMNA(Kp«/mi: Eth, Kpa/itfhriSyKfmttpatoSj Kpw/iya(«vs, Steph. B. $. o.), a place on the Paph- lagonian coast mentioned by Homor (//. ii. 855; GbobiaLus)^ It was 60 stadia east of Exythini GROTON. 709 and 90 west of Gytoms. There are autonomous coins of Gromna. [Amastjiis.] [G. L.] COnr OF CBOMZCA. GRCNIUSMONS. [Qltmpia.] GRCyPLA, or GROPEL^ [Attica, p. 326, a.] GROSSA (Kp6<r(ra: Eth, Kpocaaiot), a city on the Pontus, mentioned by H^cataeus in his Ana, (Steph. B. t, r.) [G. L.] GROSSAEA. [Grubis.] GROTON or GROTONA (Kp^cvK: EtkKpor». ytdrnSf Grotoniensis and Grotonensis, but Gicero uses Grotoniatae for the people: Cotrone)^ one of the most celebrated of the Greek colonies in Southern Italy, situated on the E. cosst of the Bmttian pen- insula, at the mouth of the Uttle river Aesarus, and about 6 miles N. of the Lacinian Promontory. It was founded by a colony of Achaeans, led by Mys- celluB, a native of Rhypae in Achaia, in obedience to the express injunction of the orade at Delphi. (Strab. vi. p. 262; IMod. viii. Ezc. Vat pp. 8, 9; Dionys. ii. 59; Ovid. Met. xv. 9—59; Scymn. Gh. 325.) The date of its foundation is fixed by Dionysius at b. g. 710, and his authority may probably be relied on, though Eusebius and Hieronymus would place it some years later. (Glinton, F, H. vol. i p. 174; Grote's Greece^ vol. iii. p. 401 .) A tradition recorded by Strabo (}. &), which would connect its foundation with that of Syracuse by Arehias, would therefore seon to be chronologically inadmissible. Its name was derived, according to the current legend, from a person of the name of Groton, who afibnied a hospi- table reception to Hercules during the wanderings of that hero; but having been accidentaUy killed by him, was buried on the spot, which Hercules foretold would eventuaUy become the site of a mighty Atj, (Diod. iv. 24; Iambi. ViL Ptfth, 60; Ovid, Met, xv. 12 — 18, 55; Etym. M. v. Kp6Tuy.) Hence we find Groton sometimes called the founder of the city, while the Grotoniats themselves paid peculiar ho- noure to Herenles as their tutelary divinity and Oekist (Heraclid. Pont. 36; Iambi. Vit.Pyth, 40; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 172.) Grotona, as well as its neighbour Sybaris, seems to have rapidly risen to great prosperity ; but the general fact of its size, wealth, and power, is almost all that we know oonoeming it; its history during the first two centuries from its foundation being al- most a bhmk to us. But the fact that the walls of the city enclosed a space of not less than 12 miles in drcuit (Liv. xxiv. 3), sufficiently proves the great power to which it had attained; imd ft is during this early period also that we find the Grotoniats extend- ing their dominion across the Bmttian peninsula, and founding the colony of Terina on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, as well as that of Gaulonia between the parent city and Locri. Lametium also, or Lametmi, on the Hipponian Gulf, as well as Scyl- kcium on the opposite side of the isthmus, must at this period have been sulject to its role. The great wealth and prosperity enjoyed by the two neighbour- ing cities of Grotona and Sybaris, seems to prove that they continued for a long time on terms of friendship, in acoordanoe with their common Achaean z z 3