Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/717

 CRAMBUSA. TotbeBj vol. i. p. 23.) The rocks and forests of Gragns were embellished bj poetic fictions as the oocasiooal residence of Diana. (Hor. Carm. i. 21.) Here, according to the authority quoted bj Stepha^ nna («. v. Kpdyos)y were the so-called ^t&y iyplmif iyrpa. The site of the city Gragns has not been determined. Leake (^Geog, Jowmal, yoL zii. p. 164) conjectnres that Gragns may be the same city as Sidyma, a place that ii first mentioned by Pliny. [SlDTMA.] There was a Gragns on the Gilidan coast See Amtiocheia, p. 146. [G. L.] GKAMBU'SA (K^uffowro, Eth, Kpat»J8o6atos, KpofJtSovaaiof). 1. A small island off the sonth- east coast of Lyda, which Strabo (p. 666) places between the Sacred Promontoiy and Olbia. It is N£. of the Insnlae Ghelidoniae, and is easily identi- fied by its modem name Grambouta. It is a ■harp and barren ridge of rock, and yet a small stream of excellent water borstB out on the eastern aide. As it does not seem possible that snch a rock can contain a sufiident quantity of rain to supply the spring, it is conjectured that the water oomes from the mountains on the mainland, and it must therefore pass under the sea, which is 170 feet deep between the island and the land. (Beaufort, Karanumiaj p. 39.) The Stadiasmus makes the distance between Phaselis and Grambusa to be 100 stadia, but it is more. Leake and others take it to be the Dionysia of Scylaz (p. 39) and of Pliny (▼. 31); but Pliny mentions Grambussa, and though his text is OHifused by a number of names heaped together, he seems to mean the island of which we are speaking. Ptdemy (▼. 5) mentions Grambusa as an ishuad adjacent to Pamphylia; but this does not agree with the position of the Grambusa of Lycia. 2. The Stadiasmus mentions a Grambusa on the Cilidan coast. The description of the Stadiasmus proceeds from cast to west The text seems to mean as follows : " from Gnnni to the Pisurgia, having on the left the Grambusa, 45 stadia." The next place to the west is Berenice, 50 stadia. [Berenice.] Beaufort (^KaramaniOj p. 210) describes two small islands east of Gelenderis, named Papadotda; and it has been conjectured that these may represent the Grambusa of the Stadiasmus. But this is only a CRANON. 699 3. Strabo (p. 670) mentions another Grambusa <»i the Gilician coast [Gortcus.] [G. L.] GRANAE (KfMycb}), an ishud in the Lacoman gulf, opposite Gytheium, whither Paris carried off Helen from Sparta. This little bland, now called Marathonitif is described by a modem traveller as yards from the shore. The ruined foundation of a temple supports at present a Greek chapel." (Hom. JL iii. 442; Pans. iiL 23. § 1; Walpole's Memoirt, Tol. L p. 58.) GRANAO& [AirnocHKiA, No. 5, p. 146.] GRANEIA. [Ambracia, p. 121, a.] GRANEIGN. [Gorimthus, p. 680, a.] GRA'NII (KfHhfun), a town of Gephallenia, si- tnated at the head of a bay on the westem coast. In B. c. 431 it joined the Athenian alliance, together with the other Gephallenian towns (Thuc ii. ou); in consequence of which the Gorinthians made a descent upon the territory of Granii, but were re- pulsed with loss. (Thuc. ii. 33.) In b. o. 421 the Athenians settled at Granii the Measenians who were withdrawn frxxn Pyloe on the surrender of that for- te the LaoedaemoDians. (Thuc. Y. 35.) Granii surrendered to the Romans without resistance in B. c 189. (Liv. zzzviiL 28.) It is roentiooed both by Strabo (x. p. 455) and Pliny (iv. 12. s. 19). The ruins of Granii are near the modem town of ArgottHi. Leake remarks that '* the walls of Granii are among the best extant specimens of the military architecture of the Greeks, and a curious example of their attention to strength of position in preforence to other conveniences; for nothing can be mora rugged or forbidding than the greater part of the site. The enclosure, which was of a quadriUteral form, and little, if at all, less than three miles m circumference, followed the crests of several rocky summits, surrounding an elevated hollow which fiUla to the south-western extremis of the gulf of Ar- goatolV The walls may be traced in nearly their whole drcnmferenoe. (Leake, Nurthtim Greece, voL iiL p. 61, seq.) AL cx>iir OF cBAim. GRANON or GRANNON (KpoMJir, KpoiWK; the name is writtoi indifferently with the single and double » in inscriptions and coins, as well as in ancient authon: EtlL Kpcu^uni), a town of Pe- lasgiotis, in Thessaly, situated S.W. of Larissa, and at the distance of 100 stadia from Gyrton, accord- ing to Strabo (vii. p. 330, frag. 14). Its most an- cient name is nid to have been Ephyra; and Homer, in his account of the ware of the Ephyri and Phlegyae, is supposed by the andent commentators to have meant the people afterwards called Granncv- nians and Gyrtonians respectively. (/I xiii 301 ; Strab. {. c. ix. p. 442 ; Steph. B. s. v. Hipaan^). Pindar likewise speaks of tibe Grannonii under the name (^ Ephyraei (JPyth, z. 85). Grannon was the residenoe of the wwlthy and powerfrd family of the Scopadae, whose numerous flocks and herds grazed in the fertile plain surrounding the dty. (Theocr. xvi. 36.) Disctorides, one of the Scopadao of Grannon, was a suitor for the hand of the daugh- ter of Glebthenee of Sicyon. (Heiod.vll27.) Si- monides resided some time at Grannon, under the patronage of the Scopadae; and there was a cele- brated story current in antiquity respecting the mode in which the Dioscuri preserved the poe^s lifo when the Scopadae were crushed by the falling b of the roof of a building. (Gic. de Orat ii. 86: the story is related in the Diet, o/Biogr, vol iii. p. 834.) In the first year of the Peloponnesian War (b. c. 431) the Grannonians, together with some of the other Thessalians, sent troops to the assistance of the Athenians. (Thuc ii. 22.) In b.c. 894 they are mentioned as allies of the Boeotians, who mo- lested Agesikns in his march through Thessaly on his return frtxn Asia. (Xen. Hell. iv. 3. § 3.) In B.C. 191 Grannon was taken by Antiochus. (Liv. xxxvi. 10.) It is mentioned again in the war with Perseus. (Liv. xliL 65.) Gatullus (Ixiv. 85) speaks of it as a declining place in his time: — ''Deseritur Scyros: linquunt PhUiiotica Tempo, Granomsque domos, ac moenia Its name occurs in Pliny (It. 8. § 15). Its site has been fixed by Leake at some rains called Paled lA- riMO, situated half an hour from Ha/c^Uttr, which ia distant 2 houn and 27 minutes from Ldrisea, At FdUa Ldrista Leake found an ancient inseriptioii
 * ' low and flat, and at the distance of only 100