Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/674

 056 CONOPEIUM. ^rer Cjathns flowed into the Aclieloos from the lake Hyria, which is alsio called Conope by Anto- ninoB Liberalk. (Sirab. p. 460 ; Pol. iv. 64, v. 6, 7, 13, iz. 45, XXX. 14 ; Cic. c Pit. 37 ; Antonin. Lib. 12 ; Steph. B. $. v, ; Leake. Northam Cfreece, vol. i. p. 152.) [Aktolia, p. 64, a.] CONOPEIUM (Kowirctoy or Koth&Ktov). East of the mouth of the Haljrs, Arrian (p. 16) inentiuiis a marsh and port Naustathmos, 90 stadia from the Ualys, or 120 aocording to Marcian. Fifty stadia further along the coast Arrian places Cono- peiuro, a martth. The site seems to be /Toumfoku, on the coast SE. of the month of the Halys or KieU Irmak. Hamilton {Researches^ vol. i. p. 293) makes Conopeinm 16 miles from Amicus (Seunmn), which is to the south, and about 5 miles from Naustathmus, which is to the north. [G. L.j CONaVIUM, in Britain, one of the four places of the eleventh Itinerary, Segovium, Varis, and Deva being the other three: probablv Conway. [R. G. L.] CONSA'BRUM. [Carpbtani.] CONSE'NTIA (KMMTCKrio, Appian; KmrcKr^ Strab.; KoKtrcvr^o, Ptol.: i^^. Gonsentinns: Co- senea)f an inknd city of Bruttinm, situated on a hill rising above the valley of the Crathis, near the sources of that river. Strabo calls it the metropolis of the Bruttians (vi. p. 256); and it appears to have been from an eiirly period the most considerable town belonging to that people, as distinguished from the Greek cities on the coast. It first appears in history during the expedition of Alexander, king of Epeirus, and Livy mentions it among the places taken by that monarch; but this seems to be a mistake, as it was still in the hands of the enemy at the time of his death, which took place near Pan- dosia, in the same part of firuttium: after that event his mutiUted remains were sent to Cousentia, and interred there. (Liv.viii. 24.) During the Second Punic War, Consentia at first held aloof from the rest of the Bruttians, when they espoused the alliance of Hannibal ; but it was soon aft«r reduced by the Carthaginian general Himilco. (Id.xziii. 30.) Three yeare later (b.c. 213) the Consentini are mentioned as returning to the Roman alliance; but notwithstanding this statement, we find them again appearing among the cities hostile to Rome, and it was not till b.c. 204 that Consentia, together with Pandosia and Clampetia, was reduced or compelled to submit. (Liv. xxv. 1, xxviii. 11, xzix. 38, XXX. 19; Appian, Amdb. 56.) Appian calls it at this time a large city : it appears to have been less severely treated than most of the Bruttian towns, and continued to be a place of importance. Lucilius alludes to the Consentini as possesidng superior re- finement to the rest of the Bruttians, and more on a par with the Sicilians and Tarentines. (Lucil. ap. Cic. de Fin. i. 3.) It is mentioned as a town of importance during the war of Spartacus (Oros.v.24), and in b.c. 40 it was besieged for some time by Sextus Pompeius, but without success. (Appian, B. C, V. 56, 58.) Under Augustus it received a body of colonists, and continued to enjoy municipal rights under the Roman empire, but did not rank as a colony. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 10; Ptol. iii. 1. § 74; Lib. Colon, p. 209.) Its territory was noted for its apple-trees, which bore fruit twice a year. (Van*. Ji. R.17. § 6.) Towards the close of the Roman empire, C<Misentia is again mentioned in history as the scene of the death of Alaric, who had made it his head-quarters, while planning a descent upon Sicily, a few months only after the capture of Rome, CONSTANTIA, A. D. 410. He was buried in the bed of a Bttte river, or torrent, which falls into the CraUiia, just below Consentia. This is now called the BusetUo: the ancient name is variously written Basentus, Basen- tins, and by Jomandes BasenUnus. (Jamanil. J2. Get, SO; P. Diac. Hist. MiMceU. xiiL p. 535.) 2^/H Consentia*continued to be a place of importance^ 1 through the middle ages : and the modem city of Cosenea is still the ca].ital of the province of Ca labria Citra, Consentia stood on the line of the high road which led through Bruttium from Mnranum, in Locania, to Rhegium. The Itinerary phKses it 49 M.P. fnai Muranum, and 57 from Vibo Valentia: and these distances are confirmed by a remarkable inacriptloci, found at PoUa (the ancient Forum Po[MilU), in which, as well as in the Tab. Pent., the name is written Cosentia. (/Am. Ant. p. 110: Orell. Ifucr. 3308; Momm8en,/fMcr. Neap. 6276.) [£. H. B.] CONSILFNUM or COSILl'NUM, a town of Lu- cania, mentioned only in the Liber Coloniarum, wUch enumerates it among the Praefecturae of that pro- vince (p. 209), and by Ca^iodonis {Varr. viii. 33), who calls it " antiquissima dvitas.** We learn from the latter that a great fair was hdd every year in a suburb of the town, to which he gives the naim of Marcilianum. This is in all probaUUty the, same place called in the Itinerary Marcelliana (/(m. AuL p. 1 10), and a local antiquary has pointed out a spot still caJled MareiUanOy between La Sola and Padtda^ in the valley of the Tant^rOf where there is a re- markable fountain, corresponding to one mtetioned by Cassiodoms. The situation of Consilinum is said to be indicated by some ruins on a hill near Padula, (Romanelli, vol. i. pp. 405 — 409.)^ [E. H, B.] CONSORANI, enumerated by Pliny (iv. 19) | among the peoples of Aquitania. He mentions them between the Taniates and Ausci. In anotho' place, where he is describing the Narbonensis Prorincia (iii. 4), he says, " In ora regio Sardonum, intnsqne « CiHisuaranorum.'' The Consorani seem to have occupied the country called Conserant or Cofueraas, at the base of the Pyrenees, between Bigorre and Foix. The names Consoranni and Consuarani appear to be the same, and yet Pliny assigns one people to Aquitania, and the other to Narbonensis. The con- clusion is, that, according to the divisions of PIiiij*a time, part of tJie Con.sorani were within Aquitania, and part within Narbonensis. We have an instance like this in the case of the Ruteni, who in Caesar*s time were divided into Ruteni Provinciales in the Provincia, and Ruteni beyond tlie limits of the Pro- vincia. It is probable that before the time of Au~ gustus all the Consorani were in the Narbonensis. The modem St. Lizier^ in the department ofArrieffey was within the limits of the Consoi-ani. [G. L.Q CONSTA'NTIA or CONSTANTSA (K«r. crrayrloj Hier. p. 714; K»v(rTavr/va, Suid., Steph. B. 8. V. Nicephorvumi Procop. B. P, ii. 13; Amm. Marc xviiu 7), a town of some importance in Meso- potamia, on the road between Nisibis and Carrhae, at no distance from Edessa, which, after his depar- ture firom Nisibis, was the residence of the Dux Me- sopotamiae till the foundation of Dara (Procop. de Aed. ii. 5). There b considerable variation in dif- ferent authors in the way in which the name of ihia town is written. Stephanus B calls it Constantina, and states that it was another name for Nicepbo> rium; Suidas, Constantina and Constanteia, which latter form occurs also in the Itineraiy of Hlerodea. In the Excerpt. Procop. ap. Photlum, it is called i^t^ff/^20^^ y;3^^