Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/670

 653 GOMMENASES. In later tuna this district, united with that of Cyrrhestica, reoeiTed the name of Enphratensis (Amm. Marc. xiv. 8. § 7, zxiii. 6. § 21 ; Procop. Aed.u. 8, B. P.'i. 17, 11. 20), or Augusto-phra- tensifl (Aurel. Vict. Epii. ix. 13), and was placed under a " praeses." Constantine made Hierapolis the capital instead of Somosata (MalaL Chron. xiii. p. 317). In a. d. 543 the Persians under Chosroes made an inroad upon Euphratensis, in- tending to advance hj that route upon Jerusalem, hut were compelled to retreat bj Belisarius. (Le BetLU^Bcu Empire^ toI. ix. p. 68 ; Norisius, de Epoch. Syro-Mae. Diss. ii. c 4 ; Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. p. 343 ; St. Martin, Mhi. tur VArmenie, vol. i. p. 193 ; Kilter, Erdkunde, vol. x. p. 929.) [E. B. J.] COMMENASES (Koiifitviitnis, Aman, Indie, ii. 4), a large river which flowed into the Ganges. There has been some doubt with what modem river it can be identified, and Rennell, Mannert, and For- biger, have held different opinions on the subject. On the whole, we are inclined to thmk that Forbiger is right in suppoi»ing it to be the Gumty^ which enters the Ganges on its left bank, between Benares and Ghtmpur. Rennell thought it was the Gara- massa, and Mannert the Gogra. (Rennell, Hirir- dosUm; Mannert, vol. v. pt. 1, p. 70.) [V.] CO'MMONI (Koimovol), the name of a Gallic, or perhaps Ligurian tribe, mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 10). D*Anville supposes that they may have been a division or tribe of the Salyes. Nothing more is known of them. [G. L.] COMMORIS, a town of the Eleutherocilices, which M. Cicero took during his proconsnlship of Cilicia, in his campaign against the mountaineers of the Amanus {ad Fam. xv. 4, ad AU, v. 20), or the Amanienses, as he calls them in another passage {ad Fam. ii. 10). [G. L.] CO'MPLEGA {KofiirMytt), a city of the Celti. beri, in Hispania Tarraconensis, mentioned by Appian {ffisp. 42, 43). Its position is veiy uncertain. [P.S.] COMPLEUTICA {Itin.Ant. p. 423; KojuwXoii- riKUy Ptol. ii. 6. § 39), a town of the Callaid Bra- carii, in Hispania Tarraconensb, on the high road from Bracara to Asturica. [P. S.] COMPLUTUM {AlcalA de Benares), a town of the Garpetani, in Hispania Tarraconensis, on the high road from Emerita to Caesiaraugusta. {IHn, Ant. pp. 436, 438.) It was a civitas stipendiarioj and bslonged to the eonvenius of Carthago Nova. (Plin. iii. 3. s. 4.) It is not certain whether it stood on the exact site of Alcalde or on the hill of ZulemOj on the opposite side of the river Benares. Its name has become famous hi modem times for the Complutensian Polyglott, published at Alcald under the auspices of Cai-dinal Ximenes. [P. S.] GOMPSA (K»/4a, Ptol.: Eth. Compsanus and Gonsanus : Coma), a considerable dty of the Hir- pini, situated near the sources of the Aufidus, and not far from the confines of Lucania, on which account Ptolemy reckons it as a Lucanian town. Livy, on the contrary, expressly assigns it to the Hirpini, and this is confirmed by Pliny ; while the Liber Coloniamm erroneously includes it among the cities of Apulia. (Liv. xxiii. 1 ; Plin. iii. 1 1. s. 16 ; Ptol. iii. 1. § 70; Lib. Colon, p. 261.) From its position on a lof^y eminence immediately above the valley of the Aufidus, it seems to have been a place of great strength, on which account Hannibal, to whom it opened its gates after the battle of Cannae (B.C. 216), deposited there his baggage and booty, while he himself advanced into Campania. It was, COMUM. however, retaken by the Romans under Fabius Maxi- mus two years afterwards, b. c. 214. (Liv. xxiiL 1 , xxiv. 20.) According to Velleins Patercnlus (il. 68), it was in an attack on Compsa that Milo, tbe rivd of Clodius, was killed; but this seems to be certainly a mistake, as that event is said by Caesar to have occurred at Cosa in Lucania. (Caes. B. C iii. 22.) No further mention of Compsa oocnn in history; but we leam fitnn Cicero that it enjoyed in his time the rights of a manidpium (VJerr. v. 61, 63), and its continued municipal existence under the Roman empire is proved by inscriptions, in one of which it is called *" Res Publica Gossana," so that the confusion between the two fmins Coasa and Compsa seems to have been of very early date. In the passages also of Cicero just dted, the MSS. varj between Consanus and Cossanus, though, according to Zumpt and Orelli, the former nnding is the best supported. The strength of its position rendered it a place of great importance in the middle a^es, and in the 10th century it became the see of an airb- bishop, a rank which it still retains, though now but a poor decayed place with only 1100 inhabitants. The only ancient remains there are some inscrii^ions and sarcophagi of Roman date. (Romandli, voLii. ppu 356—358; Orell. /lucr. 3108, 3854 ; Ginstiniaiu, Diz. Geogr vol. iv. p. 1 19.) Livy mentions incidentally a temple *^ in agro Compsano," dedicated to Jupiter Vtct/maw, an epi- tliet otherwise unknown (xxiv. 44). According to a local antiquary, some remains of it were still visible at a spot named Voffhino in the ndghbourfaood of Coma. (KomanelH, I c, p. 360.) [E. H. B.] GOMPSATUS (Kdfufaroj), a river of Thrace, which flowing through Lake BisUmis empded itaelf into the Aegean. (Herod, vii. 109.) [L, S.] COMPUXTERIA or GOMBUXTERIA {Eik. Compulterinus), a city of Samnium on the borders of Campania, situated on the right lionk of the Vol- tumus, between Calatia and Allifae. Livy mentions it among the dties of Samnium which had revolted to Hannibal, but were recovered by Fabius Maximns. (Liv. xxiii. 39, xxiv. 20.) We leam from coins tliat its Oscan name was Cupelteria; the coins themsehree have KVPELTBRMVM, which is the genitive plural of the Ethnic name. (Friedl2nder, Oskisek, Mmnz. p. 5.) Hence even in Latin inscriptions we find the vai-ious forms " Cubnlteria, Gubulterini,Gnpnlterini,*' and are thus enabled to recognise the " Gubulterini * of PUny (whom he enumerates in the first r^on of Italy, probably because they were on the right bank of the Vultumns) as the people of Gompulteria, though Livy expressly as.^igns that dty to Sanminm, and not to Campania. The exact site of the andent dty was first pointed out by Pell^rini, en a small hill in the territory of ^/rn/nano, to the left of the high road from Caiazzo to Alife, now occupied bj the church of S. Ferranie, The numerous inscrip- tions which have been discovered on this spot leave no doubt of the correctness of its determination. One of these mentions a temple of Juno, on the ruins of which it is probable that the church of S. Ferranie has been erected. (Orell. Inscr. 681, 2418; Mur»- tori, Inser. p. 1040, nos. 1,2; Romanelli, vol. ii. pp. 435 — 437 ; Pellegrini, Discorsi ddla Campamia^ vol. i. p. 429 ; lorio, Dissertazhne sul Sito di Com- bulUria, Napoli, 1834.) From others we leam that Compulteria must have been a fioorishiiig municipal town at least as late as the reign of Hadnan ; but wc ■ have no account of its subsequent history. [E. H. B.] COMUM {K&fAoy; Eth. Km/Jti^s, Comeite»cs: