Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/665

 COLONIA. Itinenries place on the road from Gene9a to Lacns Lausontiu {Lausanne). It is first mentioned bj Plinj (iv. 7), and then by Ptolemy (iL 9), who assigns it to the Seqnani. Pliny and Ptolemy simply name it Equestris ; and so it is named in the Itine- raries. On some inscriptions it b called Civ. Eques- trinm, and GoL Julia Kqa. ; from which some have concluded that it was fonnded by C. Jnlins Caesar. In the Notitia it is called Civ. Eqnestrium Nolo- dunnm. The name Noiodxmnmi and the position of Equestris in the lUneraries, determine the site of the place with certainty. The district in which Nyon stands is called Pagns Equestricus in a document of the year 101 1 ; and it is said that the people of the country still call this district Enquestre. (D'Anville, Notice, ^. ; Walekenaer, Geographie, ^, deM GauieSj vol. ii. p. 3 1 6.) [G. L.] COLO'NIA TRAJA'NA, is only mentioned in the Antonine Itiuenuy and the Table. It is on the road from Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) to Lng- dunum (Leyden). Colonia Trajana is between Vetera and Borginatium. It is agreed that the place is KeUen or Kelln, near Cleves, or Cltvet itself, as some suppose. [G. L.]| COLO'NIDES (KoA«»v(9<r), a town in the SW. of Messenia, described by Pausanias as standing upon a height at a short distance from the sea, and 40 stadia from Asine. The inhabitants affirmed that they were not Messenians, but a colony led from Athens by Colaenus. It is mentioned by Plutarch (Philop. 18) under the name of Colonis (KoXmyis) as a place wbich Philopoemen marohed to relieve ; but according to the narrative of Livy (xxxiz. 49) Conme was the place towards which Philopoemen marched. [Corone.] The site of Colonides is un- certain. Leake places it upcm the Messenian gulf at Kasteliaf where are some remains of ancient build- ings, N. of Korom, the site of Asioe; but the French commission suppose it to have stood on the bay of Phoenicns, NW. of the promontory Acritas. (Paus. iv. 34. §§ 8, 12; Ptol. iii. 15. § 7, who calls it Ko- X«n}: Leake, Pelopormesiaca^ p. 195; Boblaye, /2e- chervhesj &c., p. 112.) COLO'NIS, an island mentioned by Pliny (iv. 12. s. 19) Hs off the coast of Argolis. From the order ill which he enumerates the names, and from Colonis occurring in his text in the place of Hydreia Q* Ti- parenns, Apero|»a, Colonis, Aristers, Calauria"), Leake conjectures that Colonis and Hydreia were one and the same ishind (Peloponnenacaj p. 286); but Kiepert gives the name of Colonis to the small island S. of Spetzia. COLO'NUS AGORAEUS. [Athenae, p. 298, COLO'NUS HFPPIUS. [Attica, p. 326, a.] COLOPE'NE, CULUPE'NE, or CALUPENE (KoAowijHi), a district in Pontns on the border of Armenia Minor. (Strab. p. 560.) Pliny (vi. 3) places Sebastia and Sebastopolis in Colopene. As to the position of this district, see Pomtus. [G. L.] CCLOPHON (KoXo<^r: EOl KoKo^wtos), one of the Ionian cities of Asia, founded, according to tradition, by Andraemon. The tomb of Andraemon was on the left as a man went from Colophon, afber crosdng the river Calaon. (Pausan. vii. 3. § 5.) It was 120 stadia from Lebedus, which was north of it; and from Ephesus, which was south of it, 70 stadia, direct sailing, but 120 along the cosst. (Strab. p. 643.) The little river Hales or Ales flowed by Co* lophon, and was noted for the coolness of its water. (Pans. Till 2a § 3.) The place was a short di»- COLOPHON. 647 tance from the coast; and its port was No^inm (N^ riov)^ with respect to which Colophon was called the upper city (^ Hvn w^Xis, Thuc iii. 34). Colophon and Ephesus did not, like the other Ionian cities of Asia, celebrate the festival of the Apaturia; for some reason or other connected with an affair of blood. (Herod. L 147.) At an early period in the histovy of Colophon, some of the citizens being exiled by the opposite faction, retired to Smyrna, where they were received. But, watchmg an opportunity, they seized the town, and the matter was at last settled by the Smymaeans agreeing to go away with all their moveables, and leaving Smyrna in possession of the Colophonian exiles. (Herod, i. 1 50; compare the confused stoiy in Strabo, p. 633, about Smyrna and Colophon.) Herodotus mentions Notinm as an Aeolian city (i. 149)*, and some critics have supposed that he means the Notium which was the port or lower city of Colophon ; a supposition that needs no refutation. Colophon was taken by Gyges, king of Lydia. (Herod, i. 14.) Alyattes, one <^ his successors, took ^* Smyrna, the dtj that was founded from Colophon " (Herod. L 16), — in wluch passage Herodotus ap- pears to allude to the story of Smyrna that he tells in another place (i. 150). Colophon is seldom men- tioned. Early in the Peloponnesian War the Persians got possession of the upper town or Colophon, owing to the people quarrelling among themselves. Tlie party who were expelled maintained themselves in Notium; but even they could not agree, and a Per- sian faction was formed in Notium. The party op- posed to the Persians called in Paches, the Athenian oommander, who drove the Persian party out of Notium, and gave it back to the Colophonians, ex- cept those who had been on the Persian side. After- wards the Athenians sent some settlers to Notium, and collected there all the Colophonians that they could from the cities to which they had fled. (Thuc. iii. 34.) Notinm and Colophon are mentioned by Xenophon (HeU. i. 1. § 4) as distinct towns. Lysimachus, a Macedonian, and one of Alexan- der's body-guard, who, after Alexander's death, made himself king of the Thracians, destroyed Lebedus and Colophon, and removed tlie people to his new city of Ephesus. (Pans. L 9. § 7, vii. 3. § 4.) The Colophonii were the only people of those removed to Ephesus who resisted Lysimachus and his Macedo- nians; and those who fell in the battle were buried on the way from Colophon to Clams, on the left side of the road. Probably a large mound was raised over the dead. Antiochus, king of Syria, in his war with the Romans (b. c. 190), unsuccessfully besieged Notium, which Livy (xxxvii. 26) calls ^ oppidum Colophonium,** and he observes that it was about two miles from Old Colophon. On the settlement of aflaira after the war with Antiochus, the Romans gave to the Colo]^onii " who dwelt in Notium " freedom from taxation (immunitas), as a reward for their fidelity to them in the war. (Liv. xxxviii. 39.) Polybius also calls ha Coloj^onii " those who dwelt in Notium ** (xxii. 27). But it was still the fashion to speak of Colophon as Cicero does {pro Leg. MamJi c 12) when he mentions Colophon as one of the cities plundered by the pirates in his own time. This Colophon seems to be Notinm. Strabo does not mention Notium ; and he speaks of Colophon as if the old city existed when he wrote, thoogh his remarks on the distance from Ephesus seem to apply rather to Notinm or New Colophon than to the old town« Mela (L 17) mentions Colo- TT4