Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/664

 649 COLONLL COLCTNIA AGBIPPFNA, or AGRIPPINEN- SIS, or simplj AGRIPPl'NA (Cologne, as the French and EnglLih call it ; Co/a, and Koln^ as the Germans call it), a town on the left bank of the Rhine on the Roman road, which ran from Augusta Rauracorum {Augat near J3(S/e) past Strastburgy Womtif MainZf Bingen, Coblenz^ and Bonn, The road was continued on the left bank of the Rhine from Cologney through Kovesium (A^euM), Colonia Trajana {Kellen near Cleve$), Novioma<,'us (iVy- megen)t and thence to Lugdunom {Leyden). The position is determined by the Itineraries and by the name. There are also medals of Colonia Agrip- pinensis, and the name occurs on inscriptions. This town was originally called Oppidom Ubi- orum (Tacit. Am, i. 36), and it was the chief town of the Ubii, a German nation. The Ubii were on the east side of the Rhine in Caesar's time; but under Augustas they removed across the Rhino nnder the protection of M. Vipsanius Agrippa, to escape from the attacks of their neighboure the Catti. Agrippina, the wife of Claudius and the daughter of Germanicus Caesar, who was bom at the Oppidum Ubiomm while her &ther oonunanded in these parts prevailed on her husband (a. d. 51) to send a colony of veteran soldiers there, and from that time the place bad her name. (Tacit Ann, xii. 27 ; Strabo, p. 194.) The Agrippincnses were made Juris Italici (Paulus, Dig. 50. tit. 15. s. 8), that is, the place had the Jus Italicum, which was a great privilege; but it does not appear whether it was con- ferred Bt the time of the colonisation or aften^'ards. An inscription in Gruter (p. 436) shows that it was also called Colonia Claudia Augusta Agrippinen- sium. Tacitus {Germ, c 28 ; IlisL iv. 28) observes that the Ubii were willingly called Agrippinenses, from the name of their founder (conditoris sui), as if Agrippa founded the colony, though, in the passage already cited, Tacitus ascribes the foundation of the colony to Agrippina, or to her interest at least. (See the note of Lipsius on this passage.) Cologne is well placed for a large town, being iu:»t below the point where the flats of the Nether- lands commence, in a fertile country, and forming a convenient place of transit between the countries on the east and west sides of the Rhine. Its position on the German frontier involved it in trouble during the insurrection of Civil is, whom the people at length joined. The Transrhenane Germans were jealous of Cologne, which had grown rich. (Tacit. Hitt. iv. 28.) The Colonia was protected by a wall, which the rude Germans on the other bank of the Rhine considered a badge of slavery. The Roman settlers and the Germans in the place had intermarried. The town hod a transit trade, which was burdened with duties; and probably the people levied tolls on the boats that went up and down the river (Tacit Hist iv. 63 — 65), an obstacle to commerce which long existed en the Rhine. Cologne became the chief town of Germania Se* cnnda or Inferior. Aulus Vitellius was at Cologne, as governor of the Lower Germania, when he was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers. (Sueton. Vitell. c 8.) There was a temple of Mars at Cologne, in which a sword was hung up, that was said to have been the sword of Divus Julius. Vitelliiui went about the most crowded streets of Cologne with this swonl in his hand, when he was proclaimed emperor, and carried it off with him. But he sent the sword with which Otho killed himself, to be dedicated in the temple of Mars at Cologne. {Vitell, c. 10.) COLONIA. ] Trajan was also at Cologne when Nenra died A.D. 98, and he assumed the imperial insignia there. (OroB. vii. 12.) Ammianus (xv. 11) mentions Co- logne under the name a[ Agrippina, and Tungri {Tongem)f as large and ri<^ cities of Secnnda Germania. The place was taken by the Fnaoks, but was recovered by Julian about ▲. d. 356, at j which time it was a strongly fortified phice. It is I also mentioned by Zosimus (L 38), woder the name ' of Agrippina, as a veiy large city. In the Notitia it is called '* Metropolis dvitas Agrippinensiom.*' The Roman remains of Cologne consist of what is called the Pfaffenporte, supposed to be tl^ old Porta Claudia, with the inscription C. C. A. A., and sane remains of the walls. Many statues, saroophagi, and other Roman remains have been found there. Some authorities speak of traces of a subterranean passage from Colc^e to Treves, which is an absurd fiction. There was a Roman road from Augusta Trevironim to Cologne, the line of which appears to be indicated plain enough in some parts by the directions and position of the modem road. Hie old town of Cologne was that which was sormnnded with walls by the Romans, and until near the doss of the twelfth century was called the " dvitas intn coloniam." The drcnit of the ancient Colimia b described by Gelenius {De admiranda sacra et ctviU magnitudine Coloniaet Col. 1645, 4to.; referred to by £icbhora). About a. d. 1 180 a new wall inclosed the suburbs. Cologne was made a Roman city " juris Italici," which means that the municipal government and a Umited jurisdiction in civil matters were in the hands of the city magistrates, whether they were called Duumviri or by any other name, and of an Ordo (Curia). The criminal jurisdiction and the jurisdiction in more important civil matters were in the hands of the Consularis or governor of Germania Secnnda, whose residence was at Cologne. It seems a very reasonable coijecture that this important dty never entirely lost its original constitution, and that its municipal system as it existed in the middle ages, as they are called, b of Roman original. Though this caimot be proved, it is shown to be very piobaUe by Eichhom {Ueber den Urtprung der Stddtitcken Verfauung in DeuUchlandf Zei^chrijl fir Ge$' chicht. Rechtswissenschajt, Band ii). The place fell into the hands of the Franks in the first half of the fifth century, a. d. ; and if it bo true that the Roman general Aetius recovered it, as some assume, the Romans did not keep it, for Childeric, the father of Chlodowig, had possession of the place. He spared the fortificati<ms of Cologne, though he destroyed those of Treves. It was the residence of the Prankish kings in Chlodowig's time, and is often mentioned in Prankish history as a strongly furtified place. It is well known that, as a general rale, the Franks allowed their Roman subjects to retain their own Uw, and it necessarily follows that they must have allowed them, to some extent at least, to retain the Roman institutions, without which the Roman law could not have been applied. Cologne was the first large Roman town that the Prankish kings got pos- ses>ion of, and there were reasons suffident why they should allow this andent and powerful dty to retain its municipal constitution ; and it is difficult to Uilnk of any reasons why they should destroy it The in- vestigation of this subject by Eichhom is highly interesting. [G. L.] COLO'NIAEQUESTRIS NOIODUNUM(A>»X a town in the ooontiy of the Uelvetii, which the