Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/648

 630 CLANIS. (Laos) to the headland called Capo SuverOy ahont !4 miles Boaih of ^mantoa, which ocmstitutes in £ut the northern boondarj of the gulf of Hipponiom, and 18 probably the Lampetes of Ljcophxon. [£. H. B.] CLANIS or GLANIS (KAxirts, Strab.; T)<iins, App.: Chiana), a river of Etniria, flowing through the territory of Glosimn, and fiilling into the Tiber thaat 14 miles below Tuder. It is mentioned bj eeveral ancient writers as <md of the principal tri- butaries of the Tiber (Strab. v. p. 235; Plin. iii. 5. 8. 9; Tae. Aim, I 79; SiL ItaL yiiL 455): bat we learn from Tacitos that as early as a. d. 15, the prqject was formed of toniing aside its waters into the Amus. The Clanis is in fact the natural outlet that drains the renuurkable valley now called the VcU di ChkmOj which extends for above 30 miles in length from N. to S., from the neighbourhood of Areao to beyond Chium, and is almost perfectly level, so that the waters which descend into it from the hills on both sides would flow indifferently in either direction. In ancient times they appear to have held their course entirely towards the S., so that Pliny co!isiders the river as prooeedmg from Arretium, and calls it '*Glanis Airetinus:'* it formed, as it still does, a considerable lake near Cln- sium (Strab. v. pu 226), now called the Logo di Chiusiy and had from thence a course of about 30 miles to the Tiber. But repeated inundations having rendered the Vol di Chiana marshy and unhealthy, its waters are now carried off by artificial channels; •<Mne, as before, into the lake of CAtMi, others to the N. towards the Amo^ which they join a few miles from Arexeo. The two arms thus fiurmed are called the Chiana Toscana and Chitma Romano, The latter foils into a stream called the Paglia, about 5 miles above its confluence with the Tiber. So slight is the difference of level, that it is even supposed that at (Hie time a part of the waters of the Amus itself quitted the main stream near Arre- tium, and flowed through the Vol di Chiana to join the Tiber. [Arnub.] It is, however, improbable that this was the case in historical times. (FossoniF* broni, Mem. topra la Vol di Chiana^ 8vo. 1835; Bampoldi, Corogr, ddP Italia^ vol. i. p. 656.) Appian mentions that in b. a 62, a battle was fought between Sulla and Oarbo, on the banks of the Clanis, near Clusium, in which the former was vic- torious (B. C. 1. 89). [E.H.B.] CLA'NIUS (rAdKif, Dionys. : t7 Lagiio), a river of Campania, which rises in the Apennines near Abella, and traverses the whole plain of Campania, falling into the sea about 4 miles S. of tiie Vnltumus. In the early part of its course it flowed by the town of Aoenae, which frequoitly suffered sevwely from the ravsges of its waters during floods (vacuis Clanius son aeqnus Acerris, Virg. O, ii. 225 ; SiL ItaL viii. 537.)* At other times their stagnation rendered the oountiy unhealthy; hence in modem times the stream has been diverted into a canal or artificial course, called U regio Lagno^ and sometimes by corruptiaD VAgno. This is divided into two streams near its mouth, the one of which flows direct into the sea, and is known as Face dei Lagni^ the other takes a more southerly direction, and joins, or rather forms, a marshy lake called the Lago di Pairia (the ancient Litema Palus), the outlet of which into the sea, about 7 miles S. of the former branch, is now called the Foce di FcOria, This is evidently the same which was known in ancient times as the river Li- iemus (Liv. zxzii. 29 ; Strab. v. p. 243), and appears to have been then the principal, if not the only outlet CLASTIDIUM. of the Clanius, as Strabo, who describes the coast of Campania minutely, does not notice the latter river. (Romanelli, voL iii. p. 496; Kampoildi, Coro^. voLL p. 37, voL iL p. 363). Dionyaus, who mentions the Clanius on occasion of the si^ of Cumae in B.C. 524, writes the name rAdtvis, as does also Lycophron, who, with his usual vagueness and inaocnxacy, would seem to place the city of Neapolis at its month iAhx,7). [E.H.B.] CLANOVENTA, in Britain. The ninth Itine- rary is A Ckmovmia Jiediohno M.P, cL Another reading is Clamovmta. Of the nine stations herein given, Mancumum, the seventh on the Ust, is the only one identified with suffideut safety to serve as a bads of criticism. Mancnnium is ifion- Chester. The direction of the line is evidently finom north to sonth. This places Clanoventum somewhere en the Scottish border, and it has been variously identified with LanK^esteTj in Durham, and with Cochermouikf in Cumberland. [R G. L. j CLANUDDA. [Blaundus.] CLANUM, a place marked in the Antonine Itin. between Agedincum (Sent) and Augnstobona {TVoget but the site is not determined. [G. L.] CLA'RIUS (K^s), a small stmun in Cyproa which ran near the town of Aepeia. (Pint SoL 26 ; Steph. B. 9, V. AUttta.) [E. B. J.] CLARUS (KXApos : Eth. KXdptoi% a place in Ionia, near Colophon, where there was a temple of Apollo, and an oracle of high antiquity. (Faos. TiL 3. § 1.) Claros is mentioned in the so-called Ho- meric hymns (L 40, viiL 5), and by the Latin poets. (Ovid. Met. L 515; Viig. Aen, iii. 359.) There was an old stwy that Calchas, on his return from Troy, came to Claras, and died of vexation on finding that Mopsus, the grandson of Tiresias, was a better sccr < than himself. (Strab. p. 642.) When Germanicosyjy was on his way to the East, he consulted the Clarian oracle, which foretold his speedy death. The priest was selected from certain families, and generally brought from Miletus. It was only necessary to tell him the number and names of those who con- sulted the oracle, aa which he went into a cave, drank of the water of the secret fountun, and then delivered in verse an answer to what each had in his thoughts: his answers, as usual with oracles, were ambiguous. (Tac. Ann, ii. 54; Plin. ii. 103.) Chandler (Asia Minor fC 31) supposes that he discovered the site of Clarus at a {dace called ZiUr, where he found a sj»ing of water, with marble steps that led down to it; and he considers that this is the sacred fountain. Aiatahckj the site of Ephesns, may be seen from this spot, with the plain of Ephe- sns and the town of Scala Nova, He saw also a confused mass of ruins of a large temple, and re- mains of Christian churches. Pausanias, who wrote in the second century of the Christian aera, speaks of an unfinished temple of Apollo at Claras. The French editors of Chuidler suggest that the rains at ZHU may be those of Notium. On the coins of Clarus from the time of Domitian to Gallienns, there is Apolb Clarius and Diana Claria. [G. L.] CLASTI'DIUM (KAotfT/Siov: Caeteggio), a town of Cisalpine Gaul, situated on the borders of Liguria, about 7 miles S. of the Padua. It was on the high road frxxn Placentia toDertona, about 18 miles from the latter dty (Strab. ▼. p. 217). Its name Is chiefiy celebrated on account of the victory gained under its walls in B. a 222 by Maroellus over the Insnbrians and their allies the Gaesatae, in which Ylxdomarns, king of the latter tribeii ma dain by the Bomao