Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/647

 CITRUM. Winer, Bihi Eeahoorterhuch, s. v, Chittim.) Fran this and other places in the island the Greeks par- tially embraced and diffused the cruel and volup- toous rites of the Phoenidai) worship. It was besieged by Cimon at the close of the Persian war (Thuc i. 12), and surrendered to him (Diod. luL S); he was afterwards taken ill and died <hi board his ship in the harbour (Plut. Cim. 181 It was a pUKO of no great importance (voMxyiorj Suid.), and we have no evidence that it ooined money ; though it could boast of the philosophers Zeno, Persaeus, and Philolaus, and the physicians Apdlo- dorus and Apollonius. (Engel, Kjfprot, yoL i. pp. 12, 100.) 2. ( J/otifto), a town of Macedonia, between Pella and Beroea, in the plain before which Perseus re- viewed his army before he marched into Thessaly. (Liv. zlii. 51.) The name^ like that of the town in Gypnis, is of Phoenician origin, and may warrant the belief that a colony of that nation occupied at a rem<^ period this most desirable of all the districts ait the head of the Theimaic gulf. (Leake, North. Greecej vol. iiL p. 447.) At the upper end oS a deep rucky glen, between two of the highest snnmuts of the mountain, three tabular elevations, rising one above the other, look from the plain like enormous steps. Mdtuta occupies the middle and widest ter* xttoe. (Leake, vdL iiL p. 283.) [E. B. J.] GITRUM (prpov: Kitro), a place which the epitomiser of Strabo (vii. p. 330) and a scholiast on I>emo6thene8 {Olynth. L 1) assert to be the same as the ancient Pydna of Macedonia, but as their au- thority is of no great weight, and as the fiwts of his- toiy require a more southern positicn for Pydna, Leake (North, iSreece^ vol iiL p. 429) fixes the site between Pydna and Methone to the S W. of the latter city. KUro stands at two miles finom the sea, upon a low ridge; at one time it appears to have been a place of some importance, and in its churches are to be seen squared blocks of Hellenic times. Two in- scriptions, which' have been found on sepulchral Btelae at Kitro, are given in Leake (vol. ill. pi. xxxiiL). [E. B. J.] OIUS ih Kfof or fSosi Eth, Ku»6s: Kio or Ghw), a city in Bithynia, at the head of a gulf in (he i'ropontis, called the gulf of Gins, or Gianus Sinus. Herodotus calls it Gius of Mysia; and abo Xenophon (HeU L 4. § 7), — from which it appears that Mysia, even in Xenophon's time, extended at least as far east as the head of the gulf of Gius. According to one tradition, Gius was a Milesian co- lony. (Plin. V. 32.) It was at the foot of Mount Argantbonius [Aroahthonids], and there was a myth that Hylas, one of the companions of Hercules on the voyage to Colchis, was carried off by the nymphs, when he went to get water here; and also that Gius, another companion of Hercules, on his re- turn from Golchis, stayed here and founded the city, to which he gave his name. (Strab. p. 564.) Pliny mentions a river Hylas and a river Gius here, one oi which reminds us of the name of the youth who was stolen by the nymphs, and the other <^ the mythical founder. The Gins may be the channel by which the lake Ascania discharges its waters into the gulf of Gins; though Pliny speaks of the " Ascanium flumen." as flowing into the gulf, and we must as- sume tiiat he gives this nasae to the channel which connects the hSu and the sea. [Ascamia.] If the river Gius is not identical with this channel, it must be a small stream near Gius. As Ptolemy (v. 1) 9peaks of the ontleta of the Ascanins, it has been CLAMPETL/L 629 conjectured that there may have been two, and that they may be the Hylas and Gius of Pliny; but the plural 4K9oal does not necessarily mean more than a single mouth; and Pliny certainly says that the Ascanius flows into the gulf. However, his geo- graphy is a constant cause of difficulty. The positim of Gius made it the port for the inland parts. Mela caUs it the most convenient emporium of Phry^a, which was at no great distance from it. Gius was taken by the Persian general Hymees, after the burning of Sardis, b. c. 499. (Herod, v. 122.) Philip v., of Macedonia, the son of Demetrius and tiie fiither of JPersens, took Gius, which he gave to Prusias, the son of Zelas. Prusias, who had assisted Philip in ruining Gius, restored it under the name of Prusias (Upowrtds, Strab. p. 563 ; Polyb. xvi. 21, &C.). It was sometimes called Prusias iir^aa<rfflri, or *' on the sea," to distioguish it from other towns of the same name (Stejdi. B. s. v. Tlpovaa; Memnon, (97. Phot, Cod, 224, c. 43), or irp^y hiKwrow, In the text of Memnon (HoMchel's ed. of Photius) the reading is Gierus; but Memnon, both in this and other passages, has confounded Gius and Gierus. But it is remarked that Gius must either have still existed by the side of the new city, or must have recovered its old name; for Pliny mentions Gius, and also Mela (L 19), Zoshnus (L 35), and writers of a still later date. There are ouns of Gius, with the ejngraph Kiorw, belonging to the Roman imperial period ; and there are coins of Prusias with tiie epIgrHph, Ilpovinewy rwv irpos ^oXacroeof, [Bryluum.] [G. L.] JB. COIN OF CIU8. GFZARI (1^ Kl(api), a phice in Pontus, in the district Phazemonitis, on the lake Stiphane. It was a hill fort, deserted in Strabo*s time, and there was a palace built near it. (Strab. p. 560.) [Sii- PHANE.] [G. L.] GLA'DEUS or GLADAUS. [Olympia.] GLAMPETLA or LAMPETU (AofiHr^ia, PoL ap, Steph. B.), a city of Bruttium, placed Ix^ by Pliny and Mela on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Blanda and Temesa. The Tab. Pent, places it 40 M. P. south of Gerillae, and 10 N. of Temesa. Hence its position has been fixed, with some proba- bility, on the site, or at least in the immediate neigh- bourhood, of the modem Amantea^ one of the most considerable towns <hi this part of the coast. Glam- peda is moitioned by Livy among the towns of Bruttium recovered by the Roman consul P. Sem- pronius during the Second Punic War (xxix. 38, xxx. 19); and it appears to have been one of the few wfaach still continued to exist under the Roman em- pire, though Pliny caUs it only " locus Glampetiae," so that it was no longer in his time a municipal town. (Mel.ii.4. §9; Plin. ili.5.s. 10; Tab. Peut) We leaxn from Stephanus of Byzantium that the Greek form of the name, as used by Polybius, was Lampetia; and there can be litUe doubt that the promontoiy called by Lycophron Lampbtes (Aofi* wrnif ), was onmected with it, though he appears to describe it as the northern headland of the Hipponian gulf. There is in (act no promontory worthy of the name near Amanteaf the coast being almost per« £Bctiy straight firom the mofith of the river Lao 88 8