Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/640

 622 CILICIA. death of Amyntas, waa also made a sepante province. Lycaonia was attached to the pronnce of Galatia, -which was established after Ajnyntaa' death; and thus Cilicia was reduced to the original parts Gam^ pestris and Aspera. Accordizig to Boman &shian however (Strab^ p. 671) the moontainoos parts, which were not easy for a governor to manage, were left to the native princes. There were three of these native dynasties. One was that of Olbe, in the mountains between SpU and Cyinda; perhaps the Olbasa of Ptolemy. This was a priestly dynasty, which traced its descent from Ajax, a son of Teuoer; and hence the rolen were generally called Ajax and Tencer. In b. c. 41, through the &vonr of M. An- tonins, Pdemo had the supreme power, who called himself on his coins M. Antonius Polemo, and had the title of chief priest of the Gennati, dynast of the sacred city of the Olbeis and I/alasseb. The name Gennati appears on coins of Diocaesarea, which is called the Metropolis of the Gennati. The Lalaaseis are mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy. As late as the reign of the emperor Glaudius, there is mentioned a Polemo^ king of Gilicia. Gilicia Aspera, whidi M. Antonius had given to Gleopatra, and which Arche- laus afterwards held (Strab. p. 67 1 ), was given by Augustus after the death of Amyntas (b. c. 25) to Archehius of Gappadocia. He bad all the Aspera, except Seleuoeia, and he resided in tho island Elaeussa, near the mouth of the Lamus, which was called Sebaste in honour of Augustus. And here he had a palace. There is no island here now; ** but there is a httle peninsula opposite the town, covered with ruins, and connected with the beach by a low isthmus of drilt sand; from whence it may be concluded that this peninsula was once the island Elaeussa, and that the isthmus has been of recent formation.** (Beaufort, Karamania, p. 252.) It seems not un- likely that the family of Aichelaus remained in possession of Gilicia Aspera, even after the death of Archelaus, a. d. 17, when Gappadocia was made a Roman province. Vespasian &ially attached Gilicia Aspera to the province. In the Amanns there was a King Tarcandimotns, who has been already mentioned. He assisted Pom- peius in the battle at Pharsalus, but he was par- doned by Gaesar. The king lost his life at the battle of Actium (Dion Gass. L 14). Plutarch (^Ant, 61) caUs him Tarcondemas, King of Upper Gilicia. His eldest son Philopator, which is a pure Greek name, was deprived of his Other's kingdom; and the younger, Tarcondimotus II., did not obtain possession of it until b. c. 20. His successor Philo- pator II. died A.D. 17. Under Augustus, Gilicia was an imperial province, administered by a Legatus Aug., with the title of Propraetor. In GaracidWs tune the governor was named Gonsnlaris. In the period after Gonstantine, Gilicia was divided into three parts: Gilicia Prima, the chief town Tarsus, under a Gonsnlaris; Gilicia Secunda, chief town Anazarbus, under a Praeses; and Isauria, originally Gilicia Aspera, chief town Seleuceia, under a Praeses. Six free cities under Roman dominion are men- tioned in Gilicia: Tarsus, which was both Libera et Immunis; Anazarbus, called also Gaesarea, which had the title of Metropolis, from the time cf Gara- calla; Gorycus; Mopsus or Mopsuestia; Seleuoeia, on the Galycadnns, which was taken from under the administration of Archelaus by Augustus, and de- clared free; and Aegae. Selinus, afterwards Tra- janopolis, was probably a Roman cok>ny. (Becker, CDfBRL ffanijBmdk der MSm. AUer^ oootmoed by quardt.) [G. L.] CILrCIAE PYLAE. [Cimcta.] GILLA (KUAa; Eth, KiAAcubs), a tomi of Ify. sia, mentioned in the Hiad (L 36), with Chiyie and Tenedus. Herodotus (i. 149) enumeratea Cilia among the eleven old Aeolian cities of Asa. Strab* (p. 612) places Gilla in the Adxamytteoe : he says, '* near to Thebe is now a place named Gilla, whera the temple of ApoUo Gilhwus is ; there flows by it the river GiUos which oomes from Ida ; both CSuyaa [Ghktba] and Cilia are near Antandms ; abo the hill Cillaenm in Lesbos derived its name from this Gilla ; and there is a monntun Cillaeam betweea Gaigara and Antandms ; Daes of Goknae says that the temple of Apollo Gillaeus was first built at Golonae by the Aeolians, who came from Hellas; and they say that a temple of Apollo GiUaeos was also built at Ghiysa, but it is uncertain whether this Apollo was the same as Smintheus, or another.* This river GiUos is said to be called ZeOete or ZOeJ^ according to some authorities. [G. L.] GILLA'NIUS CAMPUS (t^ KiAAitrwir), b mea- tioned by Strabo (p. 629) between the plain of Peltae, which is in Phrygia, and the plain of Tabae. It is di£Scult to say where he places it. Cnuner {Asia MinoTf vol. ii. p. SO) conjectures that it may be " Cyllanticus tractus" of Plmy (v. 42), in which passage the MSS. have **Gyllanicus'* (Hardnin's note), and it is not said why " Gylbuiticos* has been placed in the text The text of Pliny is hanUy mtelligible. [a L.] GILURNUM. [GELUBNT7M.J GIMBRI (Kifiipoi)^ a tribe which m ooqjunctloa with the Teutones and others invaded the sooth of Europe, and successively defeated six Roman annieB, until in the end they were conquered by G. Marius, B. c. 101, in the Gampi Raudii near Vereellae. Previous to their jdulng the Teutones, tiiey had traversed and devastated Gaul and Spain, and in the battle against Marius they are said to have kiat 100,000 or even 140,000 men. Who these Cimbri were, what country they inhabited, and what was the cause of their wandering southward, are paints which are not clearly defined in our ancient autho- rities, and modem investigations seem to have made the matter almost more obscure. All our autho- rities state that the original country of the Cimbri was the Ghersonesus Gimbrica, the modem penin- sula of Jutland^ and it is a well known &ct that Cimbri continued to dwell there as late as the time of the Roman emperors. (Tac. Germ, 37 ; Plin. ir. 27; Ptol. ii. 11. § 12; Mek, m. 3.) This fact is further established by the very name of the penin- sula, which Pliny ccJls Promontarium Gimbramm. Posidonius {ap, Strab. vii. p. 293) does not say what countiy they inhabited, and only describes them as roving pirates; and Strabo (vii. pp. 291, 294), mentioning them by the side of the Bracteri and Chauci, states that th^ occupied the countiy west of the Elbe. This statement, however, cannot invalidate the testimony of Tacitus, Pliny, and Stxabo, that their original home was in Jutkmd, In the reign of Augustus, moreover, the Cimbri sent an embassy to l^at emperor from the Cimbrian Gher- sonesus, to ofier him presents and to sue fw pardon for what they had done to the Romans a oentnxy befiyre. (Strab. vii. p. 293; Monnm. Ancyr. in Wolfs edit, of Sueton. vol. iL p. 375.) Lastiy, it is attested by all the ancients that Cimbri came from the north, and not, as some modems assert, from the