Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/635

 GILICIA. some of the Greek critics that the Cilioes of Homer were akin to the other Cilices; for Strabo (p. 667) obserrea, ** they saj that in the tract between Pha- aelis in Lyda and Attalia there are pointed ont & Thebe and Lymessns, a part of the Trdc Cilices who ware ^ected from the plam of Thebe having gone to Pteni^ylia, as Callisthenes has said." Whe- Uier Callisthenes stated the emigration of these Ci- lidans and the ezistenoe of these cities as a &ct) or as report) seems somewhat donbtfuL The passage, perhaps, mesns that there was a stoiy that rah^ were pointed ont in these parts, which had the names of Tbebe and Lymessns. Bnt it was a disputed qnestioa which of the two Cilices were the parent atock; for while some pointed to places in Cilicia as evidence of an emigration of Cilidans from the Troad, as in Pamphylia they referred to a Thebe and Lymessns, others turned the argument the other way, and referred to an Aleian plain also in the Troad (p. 676). The discussion in Strabo is not very profit- able reading. There was, however, a tradition that these Troic Cilidans drove the Syri firam the coun- try afterwards called Cilida. There is no doubt that Cilicia was once oocnpied by an Aramaic race, but it cannot be detennineid whether the Cilioes of Cilicia in the historical period derived their name from some Cilioes who invaded thdr country from the west, or whether it was the name of the esriiest known inhaUtanta of the country. f G. L.] CILrCIA (^ KiAueia). The description of Ci- lida is diJOBcult; hut the best way of understanding the chancter of this oountiy is by following Strabo's description. Strabo calls Cilicia, which hes along the coast of the Mediterranean, " Cilicia outside <^ the Taurus " (i^ l(w rov Tovpov), for there was a country called Cilida which was within {iyr6s) the Taurus; which district he has described under Cappa- doda. [Cappadocia.] Cilida Proper was bounded OD the west by Pamphylia, on the north by Lyca- ooia and Cappadocia, and on the east by the range of Amanus, which extends from the interior to the ahore of the Mediterrsnean at the gulf of Issus. The flonthem boundary is the Mediterranean. Cilicia is naturally divided into two parts. The western and mountainous part was called Cilicia the Bough (TpaxM, Tpaxti&Tts: Eth, T/Mxctmjr). The eastern part contains a considerable extent of plain ooontry, and was called Cilicia the Plain or Cam- pestris (IlfSub). Cilida Trachea presents to the sea a convex out- line, with a narrow tract along the coast, as Strabo describes it, and it has little or no plain country. Strabo makes C<n«oesittm {Ala^a) the boundary between Pamphylia and Cilida. Pliny places the boundary at the river Melas (ifanar^aO 26 miles west of Coraoedum. Mela (1. 1 3) makes Anemurium, Cape Anamour, the boundary between Cilicia and Pamphylia. Anemurium is the most southern pdnt of this mountainous coast, and the most soutiliem point of the peninsula of Asia Minor; but it is above 50 miles east of Strabo*s boundary. Ptolemy does not aeem consistent with hunself, for under Pamphylia (v. 6) he makes Side the last town in Pamphylia, his description proceeding from west to east; and he immediately after enumerates Coraoedum and Syedra as eoast towns of Cilicia Trachea. But under Cilicia (v. 8) he mentions Syedra as a dty of Pamphylia, and he makes Cilicia Trachea cx>mmenoe east of Syedra. The coast of Cilida Trachea presents a rude outline, backed by high mountains from Coracedum to Cape Camdiere, a distance of above 140 miles. CILICU. 617 To the east of Cape Cavaliere the high mountains recede from the coast, and the appearance of the country, as seen from the sea, alters materially. (Beaufort, Karanumiay p. 219). But Strabo extends the eastern limit of Cilicia Trachea to the river Lamus {Lamat), which is between the island Elae- ussa and SolL " Here," observes Beaufort, " the rocky coast finally terminates, bdng succeeded by a gravelly beach arid broad plains, which extend inland to the foot of the mountains." Strabo reckons the distance along the coast from Coracedum to Ane- murium to be 820 stadia; and the distance from Anemurium to Soli at about 500 stadia. The dis- tance from Coracedum to Anemurium is 68 English miles; and Strebo*8 distance is too great. The dis- tance from Anemurium to Sdi, afterwards Pompdo- polis, is about 149 miles; and here Strabo's error is very great, or at least the error in his present text. A branch of the great mountain mass of Taurus runs direct from Coracesium (Alojfa) towards Ane- murium, but it is interrupted off Kitnubran [Cha- RADBus]. From Charadrus eastward the moun- tains still run near the shore; and there are no large rivers on the coast of Cilicia till we come to thtt Calycadnns. [Caltcadhus.] This river is re- presented as riung in the range of Taurus, east of Coracedum, and as having a general eastern course to Seleuoeia, below which it entera the sea. The basin <i£ the Calycadnns is separated from the coast by a rough mountain tract, which some geographen have identified with the Imbarus of Pliny (v. 27). The northern boundary of the basin of the Calycad- nns and of Cilicia Trachea is the Taurus ; from which a condderable stream flows southward, and joins the Calycadnns on the left bank, a little below Mouty supposed to be on the site of Claudiopdis. A dis- trict named Lalassis by Ptdemy (v. 8) was pro- bably oontuned in the upper and western part of the basin of the Calycadnus; and Ptolemy's Cetis may have comprdiended the middle and lower basin of the same river, — the oidy level tract in this rugged country. Ptolemy, however, indudes in Cetis, Iwth Anemurium, Arsinoe, Celenderis, and other places on the coast. The route from Laranda (^Karaman), on the north dde of the Taurus, through Mout to Celenderis, is described in Leake's Asia Minor y p. 103. It is one of the few passes through the Cilidan mountains. Ptolemy also mentions a district Lamotis, so named firom a town Lamus, which was also the name of the river that was the boundary between the Trachea and the Campestris. The mountains at the back of the coast of Cilida Trachea contain timber trees; and Strabo mentions Hamaxia, which is between Coracedum and Sdinus, as a station to which ship- timber was brought down, — chiefly cedar, which was abundant; and he adds that M. Autonius gave these parte to Cleopatra, because they were suited for the equipment of a navy. From the Lamus the coast of Cilida Campestris runs N£. beyond Soli, and then has an ESE. course to Cape Karadash (the andent Magarsus). These two coast-lines form a considerable bay. A long strdght beach extends from the Lamus to Soli ; and as we advance eastward from the Lamus the moun- tains recede further from the shores, and leave a greater breadth of levd country. The mountains that bound this pldn on the north have their peaks covered with snow in June. (Bmufort.) The first river within Cilida Campestris, which, by ite direc- tion from north to south and the length of ite coursei