Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/630

 612 CHOASPES. It is clearly a different district from the one in Media, and ought most probably to be soaght for eoath of the Paropami^ns. as it is stated that Gr&terus passed through it in his nuirch through Axachosia into Garmania. It seems not unlikely that the name is connected with the Indian Ghaur or GhoTj though it is true t^t it is not generally safe to trust a mere aflSnity of names. [V.] CHOASPES (Xodtnnii), a river of Snsiana which rising among the Laristan mountains, and after passing the town of Sosa, flowed into the Tigris, a little below the junction of the latter river witii the Euphrates. The indistinctness of the anci^t descriptions has led to some confusion between this river and the Eulaous, which, at the distance of about half a degree of latitude, flows nearly parallel with it into the Tigris. Yet the course of the Choaspes is, on the whole, clearly made out, and it can luurdly have been the same ss the Eulaeus, though this was at (me time the opinion of geographers. Herodotus (i. 188, V. 52) and Strabo (i. p. 46) distinctly sUte ika,t the town of Susa was on the Choasp^ and Polycletus (op. Strab. zv. p. 728) and Pliny (vi. 27. 8. 31) speaJc of the Choaspes and Eulaeus as dif- ferent rivers, though the latter states it was the Eulaeus on which Susa was situated. On the other hand, Pliny (I, c.) tells the same story of the Eu- laeus which Herodotus (i. 188) has given to the Choaspes, viz., that the King of Persia was in the habit of drinking the water of tlus river only. From the agreement of the description of these two rivers, it has been conjectured by some that the Choaspes was the Persian name, and Ulai {Dan. viii. 8) (whence Eulaeus) the Chaldaean appellation. The difference and the similarity of these accounts may perhaps be accounted for in this way. There are two considerable rivers which unite at Bund-i-Kir, a littie above Ahaoaz^ and form the ancient Pasi- tigris and modem Kariin, Of these the western flows near, though sot actuiUly beside, the ruins of Su8 (Susa), and is called the Dizful river; the east- ern passes ShtuteTf and is called the KarHnf or river of Shfuter. It is probable that the former was some- times sui^posed to be the Choaspes, though its cor- rect name was the Coprates, and the latter the Eulaeus; while, from the fact of thdr uniting about 25 miles below Susa, what was strictly true of the one, came with less accuracy to be applied to the other. There seems no doubt that the KaiHin does represent the ancient Eulaeus, and the Kerkkah the old Choaspes. At present the main stream of the Kar^m is united with the Tigris by a canal called HaffoTj near Mohammerahj but anciently it had a course direct to the sea. It may be remarked that . Ptolemy only mentions the Eulaeus. (Map to Raw- Unson's MnrtJifrom Zohdb to Khveittan^ in Joum, JL G, Soc. vol. ix. p. 1 1 6.) [V.] CHOASPES FL., in InduL [Cophen.] CHOATBASXXoiiTpoj, PtoL vi. 1. § 1 ; Plin. v. 27), a mountain range on the borders of Media and Assyria. It is part of the outlying ranges of the great chain of Taurus, with which it is connected on the N. To the S. and SE. the chain is continued under the names of M. Zagrus and Parachoatras. It was part of the mountains of modem KwrdistSm, In some editions of Ptolemy the name is called Cha- boras. [V.] CHOATRES^ a nver of Parthia, mentioned by Ammianus (zziii. 6). It is not possible to determine which of many small streams he may have intended, CHOKES. but it is probable that it was in the neighboorliood of the M. Choatras. Parthia has no river of any magnitude. [V.] CHOE'BADES. [Phabnacia.] CHOE'RADES(Xoip^sKQoro,two8mall islands lying off the harbour of Tax^ntum, about four milea from its entrance: they are now caUed the ItoiU di S. Ptetro e S. Paolo, As their name imports, they are little more than low rocks riang oat of the sea, but must have afforded a place of anchorage, as Thucydides tells us that the Athenian geoerals, Demosthenes and Euiymedon, touched there on their way to Sicily (b.c. 413), and took on board same Messapian auxiliaries (Thuc viL 33). [E. H. E.] CHOEHEAE (Xotpccu), a place in Euboea, only mentioned by Herodotus (vL 101), appears to have been situated between Tamynae and the idand Ae- gilia. Cramer supposes Choereae to be the islets named KavalUri in modem maps. CHOES FL. [Cophen.] CHOLARGUS, a demus of Attica of uncertain site. [See p. 336.] CHOLLEIDAE. [Attica, p. 331, a.] CHOLON TEICHOS (XwAbir ruxos : Etk Xa^- Xorcix^Ttyr), a city of Caria, mentioned by Apol- lonius in his Carica. (Steph. B. «. v.) [G. L.J CHOMA (Xwfta), a place in the interior of Lycia, according to Pliny (v. 27), on a river Aedesa. Ptolemy (v. 3) makes Choma one of the four citiea of the Milyas, and places it near Candyba. CHONAE. [CoLOflSAE.] CHONE, CHO'NIA. [Cnoires.] CHOKES (XwFff), a people of Southern Italy, who inhabited a part of the countries afterwards known as Lucania and Bruttium, on the shares of the Tarentine Gulf. It appears certain that thej were of the same race with the Oenotrians, and Kke them of Pelasgic origin. Aristotle expressly tells us that the Chones were an Oenotrian race (Pol viL 9), and Strabo (quoting from Antiochus) repeats the statement, adding that they were a more civilised race than the other Oenotrians. (Strab. vl p^ 255.) He describes them as occupying the tract about Me- tapontum and Siris; and Aristotle also, as well as Lycophnm, place them in the fertile district of the Snitis. ( Arist L c. where it seems certain that we should read 'Ziptrof for Su^cv; Lycophr. Alex. 983.) Strabo also in another passage (vi. p^ 264) represents the lonians, who established themselves at Siris as wresting that city from the Chones, and speaks of Rliodian settlers as establishing themselves in the neighbourhood of Sybaris in Chonia (xiv. p^ 654). But it seems clear that the name was used also in a much wider signification, as the city of Chone, which, according to ApoUodorus, gave name to the nation, was placed near the promontory of Crimisa, in Bmttium. ( ApoUod. ap. Strab. vi. p. 254.) The existence, however, of a c% of the name at all is very uncertain : Antiochus says that the land of the Chones was named CHOms, for which Strabo and Lyoophron use the more ordinary form Chonia. (Strab. xiv. p. 654; Lycophr. Lc) It seems dear on the whole, that the name was applied m(n« orless extensively to the tribe that dwdt on the western shares of the Tarentine Gulf, from the Ladnian pro- montory, to the neighbourhood of Metapontum : and that as they were of close kindred with the Oeno- trians, they were sometimes distingmshed from them, sometimes induded under the same i^pellation. The name is evidently closdy connected with that of the Chaones in Epeiru.«, and this resemblance tends to