Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/629

 tbe iibnd wm ift«mrd> in aDIance with Atbeoa (Tliii(7d.L I16)i indattbeconmiaMeDuiDtcJttM FdopoiuKsiui war, the Cbiuu "en still ttaa alliga or aubjceU <rf ths Aibeniuu. (Thucii.9.) At Uib eh« of tha UTBoth ^emr of the wu, tluj' &11 under goqicioD of iDlcnding to lieaert liie Atliciuuis, and thdj, tbat ii, tlx inhalntaDta of the town of Chin, were compelled to pnll down " their new w»ll." (Thno. IT. SI.) A few ynn &fterwui]» (B.C. 412) UnjdidrCTolt. (Tiioc. Tiii. 14— 61.) The Athe- DNH hiidiiig at Boli»oB md Cirdunjl*, defeated the Cbiuu ud deitniTed both these plaeea. A^ttin, the ChiuB were defeated at Phuue mi at Len- GoaimOi and bang UDAble to resiat, ihe^ aliat them- aelTSa up in their tUy, while the Athenian* wiated tbur bantifiil and well cnhivaled inland, which had BofieKdlBcalaniitjrBiiKetbePeruaniaiuiDn. Tbe Atlteoiana then oecnped DetphiDiom, which was not I fir from the dt; of Ciuca. I>iiiiiig the aiegs, man; I of the slaTea rf the Chlani made their escape, for the ci^ poaeaand more slaiea than aoj other Greek oit; excqit Lacedasuum. (Thac. viiL 40.) Their ', slaia wsre not the mbjogated old ioLabitauta of the ialind, hot baibariaai whom they bought. B^cg ' at last closel; invealed bf the Atbeniana, both w the land side and b; sea, the Chiaaa aufiered trom ftmine. The tows bowerer was not taken, for the Alhemana had pleatj to look after in other qnarten. The Alheniana raoovered Chice at a later period, bnt it again lerolted, and daring the Social War, the Athniiina again beei^^ Chios (b.c 357), and Chabnai, one of the Athenian commaudeii, lost hia life there. The anbaeqnent histor; of Chios •comila «dj of a few disconnected beta, but as the; amt ambasaadraa Ut Greaoe at tikB sanw time with Ptctan]' king of Egypt, the Bhodiana, and the Athenians to pat an tol to the war between king Philip and the Aeto- liam (b.0. 20B), we may infer that they mamtained ■t that time an independait podtLon. (Lir. xirii. 30. ; nmp. Folyb. t. 24.) U appears fnm Appian iMaeed. S) that Philip took Chios, the town ym- hably, in b.o. 201, about the same time that he TaT:^^theI'eiaeaof thaBhodians. In the war of the Bomaas with Anliochos (B.G. ISO), tbeBmnans naed Chios sa a depSt for their sopplies Irom Italy (Lit. lurii. 27), at which time Uie coast of Chios was pluodered by pmtee, who earned ott an immenae hnaty. Tbe Bomans nswsided the Cblana for their Cdeli^ in this war with a grant of land (Lit. xuTiii. 39), bnt wB are not told where the land waa. (Folyb. xxii. ST.) The Chiang were the allies of Uithrida- tea in a sea-fight against the Bhodiana (App. MMr. SA) 1 bnt as the king who ailar sttspected tbem of &Toaiing the Komins, he aeot ZentAiDS (b. c. 66} there to demand the ■arTender of their arms, and the cfaildnnc^lhechiefpersonaaehostjiges. TheChians, being om^ to resist, for Zem^ina had come aa Ihem DDsipectedly with ■ large Ibrce, ccnplied with both demandi. A letter &om Mithiidates demanded of them SOOO talents, which the peoide raised by taking the valuable things frcrai the temi^ea, and the oma. moita of the women. Zenolnns, pretending that the Ibeatre, and dniTe them thence nnder the terror of the bare sword down to hia aliipsin the bsrbour, and canied them off to the Black Sea. (Appian. JfttAr. 46.) Part of ihem were hospitably received by the 1 Heradeota of BJlhynia, aa the ships were sailing past ^ Ibeir town, and tnteitsined till they conld letnm home. It Bi^ean baa Appian, that at the time CHOABEin:. 611 wbaa Uithtidal«8 bandied the Chians w roughly, Bothuu bad settled in the island, probably in the Dsnal way, as " n^otiatona." When Snlla (b. c. 84) had compelled Mitbridales to accept bis tmns, he treated in a friendly way the Cbians and others who bad been allies with the Banana, m had snf' fered in the war, declared tbem fires (Ltberi), szid allies and Socii rrf' the Boman people. Cicero and Flioy speak of Chios as Libera, which term signifies a certain amonnt of self-go>ermnent nnder the Bo- man dominim, and a lees direct subjection to tba gorenvB- of a province. Chios was one of the place* from which Verres tarried off some statues. It doea not seem to have been included in the Boman pro- vince of Asia : and indeed if the term " libera " ap- plied to the whole isbiad, it wonld not be ondei B Romsjl govenmr. At a later period, Chios wss one of the islands included in the tneolanun Prorinda, a provinro which seems to have been ealabUshed by Vespasian. The modem histiny of Seio is a repetition of old calamitice. In the early part of the I4tb century, the Torks locA the city of Chine and massacred the people. In 1346, it fell into the handa of the Ge- noese, who kept it for nearly tiro centuriea and a half, when the Torka took it from them. The con- ditiim of the people imder Turkish rule was on the whf^e very &vear&ble, and the island was in a pros- perous ocmditioD till 1822, when the CUots joined in the inanrrection against the Turks, or, ss it ap- pears, were driven into it by some Samiotee and other Greeks. Tbe Turks csme with a powerful fleet, and slaughtered the people without mercy. The women and children were made slares, snd the town was burnt. This tenible and brutal devsstallon, which made a trightfnl desert of a well cultivated cccmtry, and a ruin of a town of near 30,000 iuhabilanta, gives ns a more Uvely imsge of the soSerinp of this nnfaicky island twen^-tbree cenCnriee before, wlien the baibanms Fereisns ravaged it. The smalt islands Oenuasae belonged to Cbns. [Oemubuz.] [G.L.j GHLOBUS, a river of CJlicia Campestns, which Pliny (t. S7) mentims between the towns of Issue and Apgaa. [G. L.] CHOANA (XiioKi, PtoL Ti. 2. § 14), a place in Media. Forbiger soggrats that perhaps it is tho same as Xb^, a place mentioned by Diodoma (IL 13) as one of those where Semiiamis was in the habit of dwelling. It is probably repmcDted by Ihe modem fan, or Kma. [V.] CHOASE'NE (Xa(viir4, Ptol. vi. 5. § 1 ; X«- ri. IS. s. 17), a district of Parthia immediately ad- jcining the Caspian Gates. It was a plain comitry, and had a town in it called Apamda Rbagiana [Apaheia, No. G], and two amaller towns, CalUopo (Plin.lt) 2, A district of Ariana, m (xv. p. 7aS), who describes ii as nearest to inoia oi all the tmmtriea which the Parthian* had subdued. only by Slrabo
 * ii|>4,&tTab.xi.p.614; laid. Charac ; Choara, Flin.