Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/624

 606 CHAULOTAEI. north on that of the Angrirvii, so that the modem Oldenhwrg and Hanover prettj nearly i^present the country of the GhaacL It was traversed by the river Visorgis, which divided the Ghand into Majores and Minores ; the fixmer oocnpying the western bank of the river, and the ktter the eastern. (Tac. Gem, 35.) The Ghanci are described by Tacitns as the most illnstrioos tribe among the Germans, and he adds that they were as distin- guished for their love of jnadce and peace, as for their valoor in case of need. Pliny (xvi. 1. 2), on the other hand, who had himself been in their conntzy, describes them as a poor and pitiable people, who, their coantry being almost constantly overflown by the sea, were obliged to build their habitations on natural or artificial eminences, who lived upon fish, and had only rain-water to drink, which they kept in cisterns. This latter descrip- tion can be true only if limited to that portion of the Ghanci who dwelt on the sea coast, but cannot apply to those who lived further inland. The Chauci were distinguished as navigators, hat also carried on pira<7, in pursuit of which they sailed south as far as the coast of Gaul. (Tac. Ann, xi. 18; Dion Gass. Ix. 30.) They were subdued by Tiberius (Veil. Pat. iL 106), and for n time they, like the Frisians, were faithful friends of the Romans (Tac. Ann. ii. 8, 17, SI), until the latter exasperated them by their insolence. The con^ sequence was, that the Romans were driven from their country, and although Gabinins Secundus gained some advantages over them, to which he even owed the honourable surname of Ghaucius (Dion Gass. Ix. 8; Suet Clanid. 24), and although Gorbulo continued the war against them, yet the Romans were unable to reconquer them. (Tac. Ann. XL 19, 20; Dion Gass. Ix. 30.) The Ghauci are mentioned in history for the last time in the third century, when in the reign of Didius Julianus, they ravaged the coasts of Gaul. (Spart Did. JuL i.) At that time they belonged to tiie confederacy of the Saxons, and were one of the most warlike na- tions of Germany (Julian. Operoy pp. 34, 56, ed. Spanh.; 2^oeinL iiL 6); they had, moreover, extended so far south and west, that they are mentioned as living on the banks of the Hhine. (Glaud. de Lavd. SHI. i. 225.) [L. S.] GHAULOTAEI (Xai;Xarcubi,£rat06th. ap.Strab. xvi. p. 767), an Arab tribe at the NW. of the Per- sian Gulf, mentioned by Eratosthenes. Dr. Wells, following Bochart and other authorities, has observed of this quarter : ^ In these parts by Eratosthenes are placol the Ghaubthaei ; by Festus Avienus the Ghaulosii; by Dionysius Periegetes, the Ghablasii ; and by Pliny, the (Ghaudei or) Ghavelaei ; all re- taining, in their name, most of the radical letters of the word Ghavilah " (cited by Forater, Arabia^ vol. i. p. 41). This identification of the names of the classical geographers with the Scripture Havilah is proved and illustrated by Mr. Forster with much re- search {I. c ct seq.). [G. W.] GHAUS. The Roman general Gn. Maidius marched from Tabae in Pisidia in three days, or per- haps not three whole days to the river Ghans. (Liv. xxxviii. 14.) His line of march was to Thabusion on the Indus, and thence to Gibyra. The Ghaus must have been one of the upper branches of the Indus (Dalamon Tchy). f G. L.] GHAZE'NE (XaCi7i^, Strab. xvi. p. 736), one of the districts into which Strabo divides the pUun country of Assyria, round Ninus (Nineveh). The GHELONATAS. other two divirions were named Dolomeoe and C»- lachene. [V.] GHEIMARRHUS. [Aroolis, p. 201, al] GHEIME'RIUH (Xct^^ptoK), a promontary and harbour of Thesprotia in Epeirtts, between the riven Acheron and Thyamis, and oppoote the aoutfaetn point of Gorcyra. In the two naval engagements between the Gorcyraeans and Corinthians just before the Peloponnesian war, Gheiraerium was tiie stadoQ of the Gorinthian fleet. Leake supposes the promon- tory of Gheimerium to be C Fioriam, and the har- bour that of ArpiUa. (Thnc i. 30, 46; S^ab. viL p. 324; Pans. viii. 7. § 2; Steph. B. 8. v.; Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. m. p. 5.) GHELAE (X^jAoi), a pkce on the coast of Bi- thynia, marked in the Table. Arrian (p. 18) piaoes it 20 stadia east of the island Thynias, ioA 180 west of the mouth of the Sangarius. It is generally iden- tified with a cape named Kefken in the maps. [6.L.] GHELENO'PHAGI. [Aethiopia, pi 58, a.] GHELIDCXNIA. This name occurs bi Strabo (p. 663) in the genitive XcXtdoriwr, as the name of a town in Phrygia. Nothmg is known of the place. It has been proposed to correct the reading to ^cXa- /irtKlov. (See Groskurd, TVotut Strab. voL iiL p. 63.) [G. L.] GHELIDO'NIAE INStJLAE (X«Ai5«fri«), two rocks (Steph. B. s. v. Xci8<{not), according to Phs- vorinus, one called Corudela, and the other Meb- nippeia; but the position is not mentioned. Scylax also mentions only two. According to Strabo (p. 520), the Taurus first attains a great elevation oppo- site to the Ghelidoniae, which are islands situated at the commencement of the sea-coast of Pamphylia, or on the borders of Lycia and Pamphylia (p. 651). They were off tiie Hiera Acta, three in number, rugged, and of the same extent, distant about five stiuiia from one another, and six stadia from the coast ; one of them has an anchorage or port (p. 666). Pliny (v. 33), who places these islands opposite to the *' Tanri promontorium,** mentions three, and ob- serves that Uiey are dangerous to navigators; but no dangers were discovered by Beaufort There are five islands off the Hiera Acra, which is now Cape Khelidonia : " two of these blands are from four to five hundred feet high ; the other three are small and barren." (Beaufort, A'aramanio, p. 38.) The Greeks still call them Ghelidoniae, of which the Italian sailors made CeUdoni; and the Turks have adqited the Italian name, and call them SheUdan, Livy (xxxiii. 41) names the Hiera Acra, or the Sacred Promontory which is opposite to the Gheli- doniae, Ghelidonium promontorium. [G. L.] GHELONATAS (X€A«y<froy), a promontory of Achaia, and the most westerly point of the Pelo- ponnesus, distant, according to PUny, two mUes from Gyllene. (Strab. viii. pp. 335, 338, 342; Paus. i. 2. § 4; Agathem. i. 5; Plin. iv. 5. s. 6; Mel. 11. 3.) It has been disputed whether Chelo- natas corresponds to C, GlarenUa {KlarhUza) or to C, Tomesty both of them bdng promontories of the peninsula of KMemdizi. There can be little doubt, however, that C, Tomete, the most southerly of the two, is the ancient Ghelonatas, both because there is near it the small island mentioned by Strabo (p. 338), and because it is distant two miles from Glor rentza, the ancient Gyllene. It is probahle, however, that the name Ghelonatas was originally given to the whole peninsula of Khlemutdf from its supposed resemblance to a tortoise. (Leake, PeloponaetheOt p. 210.)