Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/621

 CHAIIMAKENE. by Uiem. (Tao. Gtrm. 33, &o.; oompu Anori- varll) Hence Ptolemj (U. 11. § 16) xnentionfl the Chaemae, probably a branch of the Chamavi, as oocapying a part of the country which formerly belonged to the Bnicteri. After this, the GhamaTi disappear from history, until a much Uter period, vhen they are again mentioned as a tribe belonging to the confederacy of the Franks on the B^e (Anun. Marc zviL 8, 9), and when some of them «Ten settled in Gaol (Eomen. Ptmegyr, 9). [L. S.] CHAMMANENE. [Capp.vdocxa, p. 507, b.] CUAON. [Aboob, p. 201, a.] GHA'ONES, CHAO'NIA. [Epbirus.] CHARACE'NE. [Gharaz Spasimu.] CHARACITA'NI. [Carpbtani.] GHARACOMA (Xopdbeei^ua, or Xapeue/MMo, PtoL), a city of Arabia Petraea mentioned by Pto- lemy (7. 17. § 5), the Kir of Moab of Isaiah (zv. 1), and the Xd^cumof 2 Eaco. zii. 17, the Hebrew Tj^, signifying watt mfortrtny as the Greek name does a fontu The site of this ancient fdMlress of the Moabites is still occupied by a town of the same name. Ktrok is sitnated about 20 miles to the east of the southern bay of the Dead Sea, and is *' built upon the top of a steep hill, surrounded on all sides by a deep and narrow Talley, the mountains beyond which command the town." (Burckhardt, TrxmeUy p. 379; Irby and Mangles, pp. 361 — 368.) It was a place of ooosiderable importance in the time of the Grusaders, who built here a stnmg fortress, the origin of the modem Seraglio, and caUed it Mens Regalis. (Ro- binson, Bib. Ret, vol. ii. pp. 56*— 670.) [G. W.] CHARADRA (Xapdhpa: Eth, Xa^paTos), 1. A city of Phocis, and one of the Phocian towns de- stroyed by Xerxes, is described by Pausanias as situated 20 stadia from Lilaea, upon a lofty and predpitons rode He further states that the inha- bitants suffered finnn a scarcity of water, which they obtained from the tcxrent Gharadrus, a tributary of the Gephissus, distant three stadia from the town. (Herod, viii. 33; Pans. z. 3. § 2, z. 33. § 6; Stcph. B. «. o.) Dodwell and Gell place Charadra at Mario- idieg, at the foot of Parnassus, but Leake places it mi SuvdiOj for two reasons: — I. Because the distance of 20 stadia is nearly that of Suvdla from Paled- iaeirOj the site of Lilaea, whereas Marioldtes is more distant; and 2. The torrent at the latter does BOt join the Gephissns. (Leake, Northern Greece, voL iL pp. 85, 86.) 2. Or Gharadrus, a town of Epeims, situated on the road from Ambracns to the strait of Actium. (Fd. ir. 63, zzii. 9.) It is abo mentioned in a fragment of Ennius : — " MytUenae est pecten Gharadrmnque apud Am- braciaL'' It is probably represented by the ruins at Rogitj oppoeite the ▼illage of JTonsi, situated upon the river of SL George, a broad and rapid torrent flowing into the Ambraciot gulf. There can be little doubt that this torrent was anciently called Gharadrus, and that it gave its name to the town. (Leake, Northern (rr^eee, toL L p. 258, voLiv. p. 255.) 3. A town in Messenia of uncertain site, said to hsTe been buUt by Pelops. (Strab. viiL p. 360.) GHABADRIAE (XapoBpiai), a town on the N. coast of the peninsuhi of Acte, mentioned by Scylaz (p. 26), which Golooel Leake {North, Greece, voL ill. p. 152) identifies with Vatopedhi (Barowtfior), the Bioet ancient of all the monasteries in Mt. AthoB,as it was foonded by Gonstantine the Great. [£. B. J.] GHARAX. 603 GHARADRUS (XdpoSpos), a place on the coast of Gilicia, between Platanus and Gragns, according to the Stadiasmns. Strabo (p. 669), who writes it XapaBpovs, describes it as a fort with a port below it) and a mountain Andridus above it. lit is d^ scribed by Beaufort (^Karanumia, p. 194) ''as an opooing through the mountains with a smiUl river." The natives oill the place Karadran. The moun- tain is mentioned in the Stadiasmns under the name Androcus. Beaufort observes that " the great arm of Mount Taurus, which proceeds in a direct line from Alaya (Goracesinm) towards Gape Anamour, suddenly breaks off abreast of Karadran, and was probably the Monnt Andriclus, which Strabo de- scribes as overhanging Gharadrus." The river at Karadran, which was also named Gharadrus, was mentioned by Hocataens in his Asia. (Steph. B. s. V. X^pa8fM»f.) [G. L.] GHARADRUS (Xdpaipos), the name of many mountain torrents inGreeceu 1. In Phocis. [Gha- BADBA, No. 1.1 2. In Epeinis. [Gharadra, No. 2.] 3. In Achaia. [Achaia, p. 13, b.] 4. A tribntaiy of the Inachus in Aigolis. [Ar- Qoa, p. 200, b.] 5. In Messenia, flowing by Gamasium. (Pans, iv. 33. § 5.) 6. In Gynuris in Peloponnesus, which Statins describes {Theb, iv. 46) as ffewing in a long valley near Neris. Leake supposes it to be the Kani, or at least its western branch, rising in the heights near the ruins c£ Neris. (^Pelopoimetiaca, p. 340.) GHARAX (Xipai : Eih, Xapajn|vds> Stepha- nus («. V.) has collected the names df several places called Gbaraz. One is the Gharaz Aleicandri, near Gelaenae in Phrygia. Another Gharaz is the old name of " Tralles in Garia;" but perhaps this is a blunder. A third was a pUce of great trade (^/i- irt^ior) oi the Gulf of Nicomedia in Bithynia, and near to Nicomedia. A fourth was in Pontics. Tho name, applied to a town, ought to mean a stockade or fortified place. [G. L.] GHARAX {Xdpa^, Strab. zviL p. 836; ♦fl(pa|, iv. 3. § 14 ; K^pa|, Stadiasm. p. 836), a seaport town, belongii^ to the Garthaginians, at the bottom of the Great Syrtis, very near the frontier of Gyr&> naica; whence wine was ezported to Gyrenaica, and silphium smuggled in return. (Strab. 2. c.) Its position, like that of so many other places on the Great Syrtis, can hardly be determined with cer- tainty. A fnll discussion of these localities will be found in Barth ( Wandertmgen, p. 364). [P. S.] GHARAX MEDIAE (PtoL vi 2. § 2), a town, according to Ptolemy, of the Gaduail, one of the tribes of Media Atropatene. It is thought by For- biger to be the same as the modem Keeker, [V.] GHARAX SPASrSU (Xcipa^ ^iraalvov, Steph. B. a. V. ; Ptol. vi. 3. § 2 ; Dion Gass. Izviii. 28 ; Plin. vi. 27. s. 31), a town in the eoothem end of Babylonia, or, perhaps more truly, in 'Susiana, be- tween the mouths of the Tigris and Eulaeus, and near the Persian Gulf. It gave its name to the district Gharaoene in Susiana, along the banks of the Tigris. The town appears to have borne difierent names at different periods of its history. It was ori- ginally founded by Alezander the Great, and called Alezandreia. Some time later, a flood destrojed the greater part of it, when it was restored by Antiochus Epiphanes, under the name of Antiochia. Lastly, it was occupied by Pasines or Spasines, the