Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/604

586 CENTURIPA. CEOS. of the strongholds of that people. Hencr, at Ihe time of the Athenian eipsiition (b.c. 414), ita emnnuuidera tboueht it mirth while to murh with iJieir whol* force against Centuripa, which was induced to enter into a tna^ of alliaiice with them, and enbueqaeDtlj' rendered theiD gcod nrrice bj atuclcinit the asiiliaries of Ihe Sjncnuuis m (heir march through the interior of the isUiuL (Thuc vi. 96, vii. 32.) We are tdd, indeed, that Gelliaa of A^gentnm, wiio was sent thither m ambusador by hil coantiTinen, treated the Cenluripun with cnnlempt, as the people of a poor and insignificunC citj ; hat thia most be nnderstood enlj with refer- eu<? to the great Greek colonies, not the Sicalian cities. (Dicid. liii. 83.) Shorti; after we find Uionjiins the Elder, in B.C. 39G, omcladine: an alliance with the ruler of Centuiifa, a despot nuned Damon; but he does not appear to hale ever te- dnced the cit}' under his eubJMtion. (Id. iit. 78.) In the time of Timole<Hi it was governed bj another despot named Nicodemue, whowae expelled hj the Corinthian pTiersI, and the dtj restored lo liberlj, B.C. 339 (Id. ivi. 82): bat it eabseqaentlf tuM into the power of A)rathDcleB, who occupidl it with a eurison. During the wars of that monarch with the Cartha(rinians howeTer, CenWripa, after some ineffectual altempta to throw off his joke, sncteeded in iTcovering ita independence, which it was thence- forth aUe to munlsin. (Id. lii. 103, u. 56.) Shortly befon the Rnt Fnnic War we find the Centurifsni in alliance with Hienin of Syrncuae, whom ibej assisted against the Mamertines, and from whom they reeated « grant of part of the temtorjr of Amcselum, which that mnnarch had dpstrojed. (Id iiU. 13, Eic. Hoeacb. p.4S9; e„l i. 9.) But thia aUianee had (he eSect of drawing upon them the Roman arms, and In the second campaign of the war Centnrij:* waa besieged by the consuls Otacilius and Valerius Messala. It waa during thia siege that the envois n! nomeroua Sicilian citica hastened to make their eubmission lo Some, and though not eipreaslj mentioned, it is erident that Centuripa itself must haie early followed the ei- ample, as we find it admitted to peculiarij ftvour- able terms, and Cicero speaks of it as having been the fnithful ally of (he Romans throughout their subsequent wan in SicDj. (Diod. xiiii. Eic K. p. SOli Cic. Verr. T, 32.) In the time of the great orator it waa one of the five ciliea of Sidly which enjojcd the privilege of freedom and immn< nitj from all taxation : siid so much had it proa- pered under Iheae Kdvatitages, that it was one of tbe Urgest and meet weslthy cities in the istand. Its citiiena amounted to not las than 10.000 in number, and were princifally occupied with agri- cnltnre ; bcsidea the lerritoij of the city itself which was cxleneiTe, and one of the meet fertile com-productng tracts in (he whole island, the; oc- cupied eud tilled a targe part of the neighbouring which we find Ihem in poasessioa in the tiiDe if Pliny. (Stn,b.Ti. p,aJ2; Flin.iii.B.S.U.) Bot it seems prubable that the proflperily of Ihe dtf declined nnder the empire, and we hear little more of Centnripa from this time, though the name ia found in itolem; and the Itinenuio. and it aeons to have continntd to occupj the ancwnt site down to the 13th centUT^j when it was destroved by the emperor Frederic II, The modern town of C/nlorbi haa, however, grown up again npoa the aiKient eite, and still pmoita aome ruins of the Roman dly, especially the rvnuna of the walk that aawutd the lofty and {iredfelons hill, on the Bommit of whidi it stood: as well as the ruina of dsterns, Ihermae, and other ancient edifices. (PtoL iii. 4. § IS; Itin. Ant. p. 93; Tab. Feut.; FutHL A) lUi. Sk. i. p. 429; Bimaii, Viaggio pur la SkSia, f. i3.) Nd- meroua painted vases of pure Creek style have been diwoieivd in eepnkhreg in (he immediate netgh- bonrlHwd. (Biscari, J. c. p. S5; J»>.dyiul. 183^, p. S7— 17.) Pliny speaks of the lemtoy of Centnripa as fn- ducing eicellent saflion, as well as salt, whieb last was remarkable (or its pnrpie colour. (PHn. ui. 6. s. 17, mi. 7. a. 41 : Solin. S. §g 13, 19.) It was the birth-place of the phvsiciaa Appuleius Cebus. {Scribon.La^,deCo(np.«erfie.clTI.) [E H.B.) V distal « Centi rsof tl inpim CEOS (K^i; Ion. Ki'ei; Kto, PtoU iii. IS. § 26i usually Ciu bj the Latin writers, Plin. ii. 12. a. 20: Ech.Kuiyt: Ion. Ktiidi: Zea), an ibUod in (he Aeguean sea, and one of the Cychkles, situated about 13 English milea SE. of the pnanmlory of Sunium in Attica. The island is 14 Knglioh miles in length from north (o sooth, and 10 in breudili fiwn east to west. Pliny (ir. 12. a. 20) layi that Ceoe was once united to Enboea, and was SOU stadia in length, but that finir-fiflha of it were carried away by the sea. Acctnding lo the legend, preeerred by Beraclidee Ponticna (Pol c. 9), Ce» was originally called HydrosBa, and was iiihabilal by n jmphs, who afterwurda ciOMed over to Carystus, having been frightened away from Ihe ielaod by ■ lion ; whenw a promontory rf Cera waa called Lwn. Ovid apparently alludes to this I^eod {Her. u. 221): " Insula, Carthaeis quondam celeberrima yympMs^ Cingitur Aegaeo, uxuuie Ces, man." Hersclidra Pnnt. further stales that a colmy was -'■ — 'anis planted in the inland by Ceoe from Nau- numeruus and wealthy body of th«r i whole province, (Cic. Vtrr. ii 67, 69, iii. 6, 45, 48, iv. 23,) They suffimd eeverely from the ei- actions of Verres, and still more at a somewhat Uter period fmm thoss of Sei. Pompeiue. Their aerviwa restored their city, and it was doubtless at thia period that (hey obluned the Latin frsnehise, rf In I (Uerod. viii. 46; SchoL ad Diemyi. Pir. 526); and the mhabitatits fought on the tide of tbe Greeks at the battles of Artemisinm and 6a- lamis. (Uerod, viii, I, 16.) Ceoa once possessed four (owns, Inlis, Carthaa, Coresua, and Poeijessa, bnt In the time of Sirabo (be two latter had perished, the inhabitants of Coreeaa having been tnuslentd to luUs and tlxae