Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/602

584 CENCHREAE. CENOMANI. Mendere (the Scamander), lower down than the supposed ruins of Cebreoe [Cebbenia], and near thobe of Neandria. [G. L.]

2. A town in the Argeia, sooth of Argos, and on the road from the latter citj to Tegea. Paosanias says that it was to the right of the Troehus (rpSxos), which mast not be regarded as a place, but as the name of the carriage road leading to Lema. Near Cenchreae Pausanias saw the sepul- chral monuments of the Argives, who conquered the Lacedaemonians at Hjsiae. The remains of an ancient place, at the distance of about a mile after crossing the Erasinus {Kephaldri)^ are pro- bably those (k Cenchreae; and the pyramid which lies on a hill a little to the right may be regarded as one of the sepulchral monuments mentioned by Fan- sanias. . [For description of this pyramid, see p 202.] It is supposed by some writers that the Hel- lenic ruins further on in the mountains, in a spot Abounding in springs, called t^ Ncp^ or Skaphidakif are those of Cenchreae; and the proximity of tliese ruins to those of Hysiae is in favour of this view; but on the other hand, the remains of the pyramid appear to fix the position of Cenchreae at the spot already mentioned near the Erasinus. The words of Aeschylus {Prom. 676) — ti^orov Ktpxvflas [al. KfyxfifioLs"] p4os ipvrs Ibcfnjy t€ — would cieem to place Cenchreae near Lema, and the stream of which he speaks is perhaps the Erasinus. (Fans. ii. 24. § 7; Strab. viii. p. 376; Leake, Morea^ voL ii. p. 343; Boblaye, RechercheSf &c. p. 46; Ross, Eeisen im FeloponneSf p. 141, seq.) . The eastern port of Corinth. [Cobdithu^] CENDEVIA. [Belus.] ii-C^'l- CENICENSES. [Caenicenses.] CENIMAGNI, in Britain, mentioned by Caesar {B. (7. V. 21) as having, along with the Segontiaci, Ancalites, Bibroci, and Cassi, sent ambassadors to Caesar, requesting protection against Cassivclnunns. They have somewhat gratuitously been identified with the Iceni, [R. G. L.] CE'NION (K«i't«i'), in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 3. § 4), as a river between the Tamar and the Lizard Point. This may mean either the Grampound river, which falls into the sea at the head of Falmouth Bay, or the Fowey. [B. G. L.] CENNATI, seems to be the name of a people in Cilicia Trachea. [Cii.iciA.] CENNI (Ktyvoi), a tribe of the Alemanni men- tioned by Dion Cassius (Ixxvii. 14), with whom the Romans carried on war in the reign of Cara- calla. Reimarus believes them to be tl'.e same as the Chatd, while others are inclined to identify them with the Senones (Scenni, or Senni) men- tioned by Floras (iv. 12); but nothing certain can be said. [L. S.] CENOMANI, a Gallic nation of Celtica whom Cae8ar(vii.75) names AulerciCenomaiii [Aulerci]. The position of the several peoples named Aulerci was west of the Camutes, and between the Seine and the Loire, The Cenomani occupied part of the old diocese of Mansf and the town of Mont in the de- partment of La Sarthe is on the site of the place called Cenomani in the Notitia, from the name of the people. As usual in the case of Gallic chief dties, the name of the people, Cenomani, prevailed in the later empire over that of the original name of the town, which however appears in the Table as Subdinnum. The Table gives two roads on which this name occurs: one passes from Caesorodunum (^Tours) through Subdinnum to Alauna {AUeaunte à Valogneg); and the other runs fix>m Sobdionnm to Mitricum, that is, Autricum ((7A<^fre»), and to Dnrocassio (^Dreux). Ptolemy (ii. 8) names the chief city of the Cenomani, Vindinum. which Valesios proposes that we should idter to Suindinnm, a name which is nearo" to that of the Table. The Cenomani joined in the great rising against Caesar in b. c. 52, under Verdngetorix. The con- tingent that they sent to the siege of Alesia was five thousand men (B. G. viL 75). This was one of the migratory Gallic tribes which at an early period crossed into Italy; and if the tradition recorded by Cato (Plin. iii. 19. s. 23) is trae, that they formed a settlement near Massilia {Marseille)^ among the Volcae, this may indicate the route tluit the Ceno- mani took to Italy. [G. L.] CENOMANI (^Kemfidvoi, Strab. Ptol; Topofi&oi^ Polyb.), a tribe of the Cisalpine Gauls, who occupied the tract N. of the Padus, between the InsubrK oa the W. and the Veneti on the £. Their territory appears to have extended from the river Addua to the Athesis. Both Polybius and Livy expressly mention them among the tribes of Gauls which had crossed the Alps within historical memory, and had expelled the Etruscans from the territory in whi<^ they established themselves and subsequently con- tinued to occupy. (PoL ii. 1 7; Liv. v. 35.) It is re- markable that they appear in history almost uniformly as friendly to the Romans, and refosing to take part with their kindred tribes against them. Thus, during the great Gaulish war in b.c. 225, when the B(ni and Insnbres took up arms against Rome, the Cenomani, as well as their neighbours the Veneti, concluded an alliance with the repubUc, and the two nations to- gether furnished a force of 20,000 men, with which they threatened the frontier of the Insnbres. (Pol. ii. 23, 24, 32; Strab. v. p. 216.) Even when Han- nibal invaded Cisalpine Gaul they continned faithful to the Romans, and fiunbhed a body of auxiliaries, who fought with them at the battle of the Trcbia. (Liv. xxi. 55.) After the close of the Second Punic War, however, they took part in the revolt of the Gauls under Hamilcar (b. c. 200), and again a few years later joined their arms with those of the Insnbres: but even then the defection seems to have been but partial, and after their defeat by the consul C. Cornelius (b.c. 197), they hastened to submit, and thenceforth continued faitliful allies of the Romans, (Liv. xxxi. 10, xxxiL 30, xxxix. 3.) From Uiis time they disappear from history, and became gra- dually merged in the condition of Roman subjects, until in b. c. 49 they acquired, with the rest d[ the Tronspadane Gauls, the full rights of Roman citizens. (Dion Cass. xli. 36.) The limits of the territory occupied by them are not very clearly defined. Strabo omits adl notice of them in the geographical description of Gallia Cisal- pina, and assigns th^r cities to the Insubres. Livy speaks of Brixia and Verona as tibe chief cities in their territory. Pliny assigns to them Cremona and Brixia: while Ptolemy gives them a much wider extent, comprising not only Bergomum and Mantua, but Tridentum also, which was certainly a Rhaetian city. (Strab. v. p. 213; Liv. v. 35; Plm. iii. 19. s. 23; Ptol. ui. I. § 31.) It is sin- gular that Polybius, in one passage (ii. 32), appears to describe the river Clusius (CAte«e), as separating them from the Insubres: but this is probably a mistake. The limits above assigned them, namely, the Addua on the W., the Athesis on the £., and the Padus on the S., may be regarded as ap-