Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/601

 CELTICA. accounted for by the tradition that the population of the peninsala contained a large Celtic element [Celtiberi; Histaivia]. 1. Cdticety the general and at first very vague name for the whole NW. of Europe, is appUed spe- cifically to Spain, as, on the other hand, that of Iberia was sometimes extended to Gaul. But the more particular reference of the term Celtica in Spain was to the northern and central portion of the peninsula. (AristoU de Mtmd, L p. 850, du Val ; £phor. ap. Strab. iv. p. 199, Fr. 43, Didot; Sc^yinn. Ch. 168, foil.; Eratosthenes ap.Stnb. IL p. 107, gives a like extent to the TaXarai.') 2. Strabo mentions a tribe of Celtici in the S. of Luutania, as inhabiting the country between the Tagus and the Anas, from the point where the latter river makes its great bend to the S., that is, in the S. of Alemiejo. (But the district was also partly peopled by Lnsitanians.) Their chief city was Co- NiaroROis: another was Pax Augusta. On the authority of Polybius, he connects these Celtici with the TuKDUU, in kindred as well as proximity. (Strab. iii. pp. 139, 141, 151 ; Polyb. xxxiv. 9. § 3.) 3. Pliny extends these Celtici into Baetica. The country called Baeturia, on the left bank of the Anas, is divided, he says, into two parts and two nations, the Celtici, who border on Lusitania, and belong to the conventus of Hispalis, and the TuR- DUU, whose frontier extends along Tarraconensis as well as Lusitania, and whose judicial capital is Cor- duba. He considers these Celtici to have migrated from Lusitania, which he appears to regard as the original seat of the whole Celtic population of the peninsula, including the Celtiberians, on the ground of an identity of sacred rites, language, and names of cities; the latter in Baetica, bearing epithets to distinguish them from those in Celtiberia and Lusi- tania. (Plin. iiL 1. s. 3: this seems to be the general sense of the passage, supptnted by the names of the cities mentioned; but the phrase " Celticos a CeUi- beris ex Lusitania advenisse manifestum est" is difficult to interpret precisely). The cities referred to are Seria Fama Julia, Nkrtobrioa Concordia Julia, Seoioa Restituta Julia, Ucultuniacux or Curioa, Laconimubois Constantia Julia, Tereses Fortunales, and Callenses Emanici: the last two names are those of the inhabUantt; of the citieSj the former is not elsewhere mentioned, the latter is called Calektux. The other cities of Celtica, as Pliny calls the district, were Acikipo, Arunda, Ardci, TtjROBBioA, Laotigi, Salpesa, Saeponr, Se- Rippo. In like manner Ptolemy mentions the Celtici in Baetica (Boirurof KcXtikoQ and assigns to them the cities of Aruci, Amnda, Curgia, Aci- nippo, and Vama (OfKct/ta), all but the last being inclnded in PUny's list. (Ptol. il 4. § 15.) Of the above names, those ending in briga indicate a Celtic (fialect; and the remark applies to many other parts of Spain. 4. Celtici are again found in the extreme NW. of Spain, in Gallaecia, about the promontory of Nerium (C Fimsterre)^ which was also called Celticitm, in the very same district as the Arta- BKi, whom Mela expressly calls a Celtic people. (Strab. iii p. 153; Mela, iii. 1 ; Plin. iii. 3. s. 4, iv. 20, 22. 8. 34, 35.) Strabo regards these Celtici as sprung from those upon the Anas; and relates how they marched northwards with the Turduli, but quar- relled, and separated from them at the river Limaea (^Limd), Mela places the Celtici along the whole W. coast up to this Celtic promontory. Pliny refers CENCHREAE. 583 these Celtici to the conventus of Lucus August! (iii. 3. s. 4.), and mentions the tribes, Celtici Neriae and Celtici Praesamarci (iv. 20. s. 34). [P. S.] CELTICOFLA'VU, a city of the Vettones in Spain, on the borders of Lusitania, at Ti/rreciUa de aldea Tejeuia, near Salamanca^ cmly known by in- scriptions, but deserving of mention for the compo- sition of its name, indicating Celtic origin and Roman patronage. [P. S.] CEL'TICUM PROMONTORIUM. [Celiici.] CELURNUM, in Britain, mentioned in the Notitia as the station of the second wing of the Asti. Ge- nerally identified with Walwick QhetUr* in North- ;^ umberland per Imeam vaUL Jr. G. L.] CELYDNUS. [Epeirus.] CEMA, an Alpine mountain which Pliny (iii. 4) names as the source of the Varus ( Var) r but it does not appear what mountain he means. [G. L.] CEMENE'LIUM (KcAifWAiov, Ptol. : £th. Ce- menelensis, Inscr. : Cfmitz a town of Ljguria, at the foot of the Maritime Alps. It was only about two miles distant from Nicaea, on a hill, rising above the torrent of the Paulo, or Paglume^ and six miles firom the river Varus, which formed the boundary of Liguria. Both Pliny and Ptolemy term it the chief city of the Vediantii, apparently a Gaulish tribe, though it was necessarily included in Liguria as long as the Varus was considered the limit between Italy and Gaul. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 7 ; Ptol. iii. 1. § 43.) At a later period this limit being fixed at the Tropaea Augnsti, on the pass of the Maritime Alps, CemeneUum and Nicaea were both included in Gaul. (J tin. Ant p. 296.) It was thenceforth included in the jurisdiction of the "Praeses Alpium Maritimarum" {Notit. Bign. ii. p. 72), and was perhaps the seat of his government. Numerous inscriptions, as well as other ancient relics, prove it to have been a place of importance under the Roman Empire: and it seems probable that it was frequented by wealthy Romans, as Nice is at the present day, on account of the mildness and serenity of its climate in winter. The hill of Cimiez is now occupied by gardens and olive- grounds, but still retiuns the ruins of an amphitheatre, in tolerable preservation, but of small size : near it are some other Roman ruins, apparently those of a temple and of Thermae. The destruction of Ceme> nelium dates from the time of the Lombards. It was situated on the high road from Rome to Arelate and Narbo, which passed direct from the Tropaea August! {Turbia) to Cemenelinm, and thence to the mouth of the Varus, leaving Nicaea on the left. (Roubaudi, Nice et ses Environs ^ pp. 54 — 67. Turin, 1843.) [E. H. B.] CENABUM. [Genabum.] CENAEUM {J^vvAQV, Lith6dha a promontory of Eubdt'a, forming the north-western extremity of the island, and opposite the Malic gulf. On this promontory was a temple of Zeus, who was hence called Cenaeus. (Strab. x. pp. 444, 446 ; Thuc. iii. 93; Ptol. iu. 15. § 23; Plin. iv. 12. s. 21 ; Liv. xxxvi. 20 ; Hom. Jlymn. tn ApoU. 219 ; Soph. Track. 238, 753; Ov. Met. ix. 136.) CE'NCHREAE (K«7xp«o/: Eth, Kryxp«<i"»0- 1. A city of the Troad, " in which Homer lived while he was inquiring of the things that concerned the Troes," as Stephanus («. v. Ktyxptai) says. Another tradition, of no more value, makes it the birthplace of Homer. (Suidas, s. v. "Ofiripos.) The site of Cenchreae is supposed to be a place called Tshiffri, where there are remainsi near the left bank of the pp4 y