Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/599

 CEtLAE. Itineraries, to Diocbtianopolia are at yariance with this statement. Oa the other hand, Celetmm has been identified with the KcAfluv/Stof of Hieroclea. (Wesseling ap, he, ; Leake, Nifrihem Grteeey vol.iii. p. 330, vol. vr. p. 121.) [E. R J.] CELLAE (KcAAi^, Hieroel.: Ostrwo), a town of Macedonia Cooanlaria, and a station on the Via Kgioatia in Eordaea, between Heracleia and Edessa {p€Mt. Tah. at a distance of S8 M. P. from the hitter place, according to the Jertiaalem Itinerary and th^ of Antooinus. [E. B. J.] CELSIUS (KeAMot), in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 3. § 5), between the Tnasis aestuary (Todttivis cjf(rxv(r{s) and the Taezalum Promontory. The former of these is next in order sonthwards to the Varar aestuaiy (^Murray FiirtK)^ the Utter is to the north of the Deva (Dee). Hence the Spey is the likeliest eqnhralent to the Celnius. [R. 6. L.] CELSA (K«A<ra : Celaensis : Bo. at VdUla near Xd»a a dty of the Ibirgetea, in Hispania Tan»- oooensis, on the Iberoa, which was here crossed by a stone bridge, ruins of which still remain. Under the Romans, it was a ool(niy, with the snraame Vietrix Jtdioj and it belonged to the conveotus of Caesar- augnsta. Several H its coins ara extant, belonging to the reip:oa of Angustos and Tiberius. (Stnb. tii. p. 161; PliB.iii.3. s.4; PtoL iL 6. §68; Maica, Hisp. iL 28 ; Florez, Esp, S. vol. xxx. p. 39, MecL de E^p, voL L p. 349, voL iL p. 638, voL iii. pi 45 ; Mionnet, voL L p. 37, SappL vol. L p. 75 ; Eckhel, vol. i. pp. 44, fbU.) [P. S.] CELTAE. [Gauia.] CELTIBEIUA (KcAn^q^o, Polyb., Strab., C««s.^ Liv. &c.: Eth, Celtiber, pi. Celtiberi, KcA- riSftpMs^ was the name of a large inland district of Spain, comprising the central pUteaa (medm inter Sio mana^ Liv. zxvilL 1), wbich divides the basin •f the Ibenis {Ehro) from the rivers flowing to the W., and eorrespondmg to the SW. half of ^ro^on, nearly the whole of C^mmca and Sona^ and a great part of ButrgoM, These were aboat the limits of Celtiberia Piroper; but, the name was nsed in a much wider sense, through the power which the Celtiberians obtained over the surrounding tribes ; HO that, for example, Polybins made it extend beyond the sources of the Anas ((Tvadiafia) even to ihose of the Baetis ((rMK&iZjMmp t Strab. iiL p. 148), and he mentiona the mountain range which reaches the sea above Saguntum, as the boundary of Iberia and Celtiberia. (Polyb. iii. 17. § 2.) So we find hoth HemeroBcoi»am on the Pr. Dianium (C. S, Jfartiii), and Gastulo on the Baetis, named as in Celtiberia. (Artenudor. apu Steph. B. s. o. 'Hfitpo- ^Kcmiimt ; Pint Sertor. 3.) In fiict, it would seem that, under the Bomans, Celtiberia was often nsed as a teem equivalent to Hispania Citerior (excepting, perhaps, tlw N£. part, between the Pyrenees and the Ebio), and that, as the boundaries of the hitter were extended, so was the signification of the former. (Plin. iv. 21. s. 36 ; Solin. 23 ; Sahnas. ad Solm. y. 197 ; Ukert, voL iL pt. I. p. 305.) The Celtiberians were believed to have originated in a union of the indigenous Iberians with Celts from Gaul, who were the earliest foreign invaders of the peninsula, and whose union gave rise to a nation distinguished by the best qualities of both peoples, and which speedily became great and powerful (Diod. T. 33 ; Stnb. L p. 33, iii. pp. 158, 162 ; Appian. Bitp. 2 ; £*ncan. iv. 9 : -^ " Profugique a gente vetnsta GaUonun Celtae miscentes nomen Hiberia : " CELTIBERIA. 581 oomp. Celtici; and, on the whole subject, see Hispania.) Strabo (iiL p. 162) describes th«r country as commencing cm the SW. side of M. Idubeda, which divided it firom the basin of the Ebro. It was laige and irr^ular, the greater part of it bemg rugged and intersected with rivers; for it contained the sources of all the great rivers which flow W. across the peninsula, the Anab, Tagus, and Durius, ex- cept the Baetis, and this too, as we have seen, b assigned by Polybius to Celtiberia. The Celtiberi were bounded on the N. by the Beromes and the Bardyitae or Varduu ; on the W. by some of the AsTUBES, Callal'd [Gallaeci], Vaccaei, Yet- TOMES, and Carpetani; on the S. by the Orktani and by those of the Bastetami and Edetahi who inhabit M. Obospeda ; and on the E. by M. Idu- beda. This description appUes to the Celtiberi in the widest sense of the name. Th^ were divided, he adds, into four tribes, of yrhom he only mentions two, the Areyacae, who were the most powerful, and the Lusones. Pliny (iiL 3. s. 4) mentions, as Celtiberians, first the Arevacae ( CeUiberi Arevacae), and afterwards the Pelendones (JPdendonu Cel- Hberortmtj quaiuor populu,, fucnan Numantim clariz where it is doubtftil whether the IV. populis refers to Pelendonet or CelUberorum ; if to the former, he disagrees with Strabo and others, who assign Numantia to the Arevacae). The Belli and the Tiin (or Dittani) are also mentioned as Celtiberian peoples (Polyb. xxxv. 2 ; Ap]Han. ffisp. 44). Ptolemy uses the name in a narrower sense : his Celtiberi are bounded on the N. by the Arevacae (whom he places S. of the Pelendones and Berones), on the W. by the Garpetani, on the S. by the Oretani, and on the E. by tfa» Lobetani and Ede- lanL The nature of the conntxy and the habits of the people combined to prevent their having many con- siderable cities ; and on this gsonnd Strabo charges Polybius with gross exaggemtbn in stating that Tiberius Gracchus destroyed 800 cities of the Celti- berians (xxvi. 4), a number which oenld only be made up by counting every petty fort taken in the war (Strab. iii. p. 163). The chief cities, besides Nu- makha, Seoeda, and Pallantia, and others which belonged to the Arevacae, Berones, and Pelen- dones, were the following : — The capital was Seoo- brioa, which some identify with the Segeda j nst named, and with the Segestaca of Livy (xxxiv. 17). On the great road which ran W. from Caesaraugusta {Zani- goza) to Asturica (/tm. Ant pp. 442, 443), were: 37 M. P., Caratib; 18 M. P. TuRiAflO (Tovpicurd, PtoL L e., Tartaona) ; and, on a branch road from Tmriaso to Caesaraugusta were : 20 M . P. from the former Balbio or Belliso (camp. Itm. p. 451 : at or near Bcria) ; and, 20 M. P. from Balsio, and 16 from Caesaraugusta, Allobon or Alavona ('AAov- Snrai Alagon^ PtoL ii. 6. § 67), which Ptolemy assigns to the Vascones. On the road leading SW. from Caesaraugusta to Toletnm and Emerita were : 16 M. P. from Caesaraugusta, Skgontia (at or near Epild), apparently the Segontia which belonged to the Arevacae^ and to be distinguished frmn the other Segontia, to be mentioned directly (/tm. AnL pp. 437, 439) : 14 M. P. further, Nbbtobbioa (lUn. IL cc. ff€pr6€piya, PtoL /. c: Ahumiay, then 21 M. P., Bilbius, and, 24 M. P., Aquae Bil- BiTANORUM; then, 16 M. P., Arcobrioa; then, 23 M. P., Seqontia (Siffuenza), apparently the , SegmtHa Cdtiberum of Livy (xxxiv. 19) ; then 23 r r 3