Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/585

 CATALAUNI. (cited by Yincent) speak of its beantj and fertility. Kearchos found it oninhabitod, bat freqaented by Tisiton from the Continent, who annually brought l^tB there, and, oanaecrating them to Venus and Mercury, left them to run wild. Hence the proba- bility that it is the same island which is called Aphrodiaas by Pliny (vL 88), the situation of which is still further determined by his adding " inde Pertidis tfwttvm." Perhaps the ancient name is preserved in the modem Keith or Ken, (Vincent, Voyage of Nearcktu, y<A. i. p. 862 ; Ouseley, Travds in the East, i. p. 270.) [V.] CATALAUNI or CATELAUNI. The Notitia of the provinces mentions the Civitas Catalaunorum among the cities of the Proviocia of Belgica Se- cunda, and between the Civitas Snessionum and the Civitas Veromanduorum. Aurelian defeated Tetri- cus " apud Catalaunoe." (Eutrop^ ix. 13.) Ammi- anns Maroellinus (zv. 11) mentions Catelauni and Bern! as states or peoples of Belgica Secunda. The Antonine Itin. places the Dnrocatelanni on a road from Audunf through Auxerre and TVojfm, to Duro- cortomm (iSsMis); and the Durocatelauni are next to JReinu, at the distance of 27 M. P. It is easy to see that this place is Chdhnt-tuT'Mame, There seems to be no extant authority for the name Duro- catalaunum ; but as there is Durooortorum, there may have been Durocatalaunum. According to usage in Gallia, the simple nameCatalauni finally designated both the people and the town; and Chdloru is a corruption of Catalauni. At Chdiont the Roman Aetius defeated Attila, a. d. 451. It is probable that the Catalauni were dependent on the Remi, or included in their territory. The Catalauni are represented by the old bishopric of Chdlont. There are medals with the name of this people on them. [0. L.] CATANA or CATINA* (Kardam: Eih, Ko- ronubs, Gatanensis or Catinensis: Catania), a city on the E. coast of Sicily, situated about midway between Tanromenium and Syracuse, and almost immediately at the foot of Mt. Aetna. AH authors agree in representing it as a Greek colony, of Chal- cidic origin, bat founded immediately from the neighboaring city of Nazos, vnder the guidance of a leader named Euarchua. The exact date of its fbundatioQ is not recorded, but it appears from Thneydides to have followed shortly after that of Leontini, which he places in the fifth year after Syracuse, or 730 b. c. (Thuc vi. 3; Strab. vi. n. 268; Scymn. Ch. 286; Scyl. § 13; Steph. B. ». v.) The only event of its early history which has been transmitted to us is the legislation of Charondas, and even of this the date is wholly uncertain. (See JHeL ofBiogr. art Charondat,) But from the fact that his legislation was extoided to the other Chalddic cities, not only of Sicily, but of Magna Grsecia also, as well as to his own country (ArLt. Ptil. ii. 9), it is evident that Catana continued in intimate relations with these kindred cities. It seems to have retained its independence till the time of Hieron of Syracuse, but that despot, in b. c. 476, expelled all the original inhabitants, whom he es- tablished at Leontini, while he repeopled the city Catana and Catina, of which the latter is, perhaps, the most common, aud is supported by inscriptions (OrelL 3708, 3778); but the analogy of the Greek KarJuni, and the modem Catania^ would point to the former as the man correct. CATANA. 667 with a new body of colonists, amounting, it is said, to not less than 10,000 in number, and consisting partly of Syracusans, partly of Peloponnesians. He at the same time changed its name to Aetna, and caused himself to be proclaimed the Oekist or founder of the new city. As such he was celebrated by Pindar, and after his death obtained heroic honours from the citizens of his new colony. (Diod. xi. 49, 66 ; Strab. Le. ; TmLPytk i., and Schol. ad he.) But this state of thhigs was of brief duration, and a few years ailer the death of Hieron and the expul- sion of Thrasybulus, the Syracusans combined with Ducetius, king of the Siculi, to expel the newly settled inhabitants of Catana, who were compelled to retire to the fortress of Inessa (to which they gave the name of Aetna), while the old Chalcidic citizens were reinstated in the possession of Catana, B. c. 461. (Diod. xi. 76; Strab. I c.) The period which followed the settlement of af- furs at this epoch, appears to have been one of great prosperity for Catana, as well as for the Sicilian cities in general: but we have no details of its history till the great Athenian expedition to Sicily. On that occasion the Catanaeans, notwith- standing their Chalcidic connections, at first refmed to receive the Athenians into their city: but the latter having efiected an entrance, they found them- selves compelled to espouse the alliance of the invaders, and Catana became in consequence the headquarters of the Athenian armament throughout the first year of the expedition, and the base of their subsequent operations against Syracuse. (Thuc. vi. 50—52, 63, 71, 89; Diod. xiii. 4, 6, 7; Plut. Nic 15, 16.) We have no information ss to the fate of Catana after the cbse of this expedition : it is next mentioned in b. o. 403, when it fell mto the power of Dionyaius of Syrarase, who sold the inhabitants as slaves, and gave up the city to plunder; after which he established there a body of Campanian mercenaries. These, however, quitted it again in B. c. 396, and retired to Aetna, on the approach of the great Carthaginian armament under Himilco and Mago. The great sea-fight in which the latter defeated Leptines, the brother of Dionysius, was fought immediately off Catana, and that city appa- rently fell, in consequence, into the hands of the Carthaginians. (Diod. xiv. 15, 58, 60.) But we have no account of its subsequent fortunes, nor does it appear who constituted its new population; it is only certain that it continued to exist. Callippus, the assassin of Dion, when he was expelled from Syracuse, for a time held possession of Catana (Plut IHon. .58) ; and when Tunoleon landed in Sicily we find It subject to a despot named Ma- mercus, who at first joined the Corinthian leader, but afterwards abandoned his alliance for that of the Carthaginians, and was in consequence attacked and expelled by Timoleon. (Diod. xvi. 69 ; Plut. TYmo/. 13, 30 — 34.) Catana was now restored to liberty, and appears to have continued to retain its independence; during the wars of Agathocles with the Carthaginians, it sided at one time with the former, at others with the latter; and when Pyrrhus landed in Sicily, was the first to open its gates to him, and received him with the greatest magnifi- cence. (Diod. xix. 1 10, xxii. 8, Exc Hoesch. p. 496.) In the first Punic War, Catana wss one of tho first among the cities of Sicily, which made their submiission to the Romans, after the first succes^e8 of their arms in b. c 263. (Entropw ii. 19.) The o o4
 * Roman writers fluctuate between the two forms