Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/578

 aSO CASSANDREIA. mads agiiiut it hj the Pemans «nu Dnanaxsaful, from ■ sadden indui of llw e«a. vbile the troapa vera cneutig tli< bay to «tt«ck Um town ; a great part of the Peraan force <n? deatroired, the romiinder mads a haaly retieat. (Herod, viii. 127,) There waa a cootingeiit cf 300 men aent bj Fotidaea to the onited Greek fines at Plataea. (Herod. ii. 28.) Afterwirda Poljdaea became one of the tiibulaiy alliea of Athena, bat still maintained a cerlaJD metropolitan allegiance to Conalh. Certain magistrales under the title of Epideminrgi wen aent there ereiy year fr«n Corinth. (Thnc i. 56.) Id B. c. 432 Fotidaea revolted Inim AtfaeEa, and with Perdiccas and the Corinthiana. Al^rae finally >i liuh the J u), the town wm rtgnlarly blockaded ; It did not capilnlat« till the end ik the secmd year of the Bar, after ^oing throngh audi eitreme alter- ing from famine that even ««ne who died were eaten bj the •orriTora. (Thnc IL 70.) A body of 1,000 coloniiits were eent frvm Athena to dccd)? Potiihua and the vacant teriitary. (Kod. lU. 46.) On the occupation of Ampbipolii and other Thracian towna by Braaidaa, that general attempted bi seize upon the ganison of Potidaea, but the attack &iled. (Thnc. iv. 135.) In 382, Potidaea waa in the oo- capation of the Olynthiant. (Xen. Bell. viL § IG.) In 364, it was tAken by Timstheoa the Athenian general. (Diod. it. 81 ; amp. Isocr. de AiHiti p. 119.) Philip of Macedon aeiied QpOQ it and gave it up to the Olyntbiana. (Died. itL S.) The Greek population waa eitirpated or sidd by him. CanBander founded B new city on the lite of Fotidaea, and a>- aembled on this spot not only many strangers but also Greets of the neiehbonrhood, espBcially Iho Oijnthians, who were still enrviving the deatmction of their city. He called it afler bis own name Cassondreia. (Diod. xii. 52; Liv.ilii. 11,) Caa- sandreia is the natural port of Ibe fertile pentnaola of Palleno (KaatiinrfS™), and soon became great and powerful, eurpaa^ng all the Alacedenian cities in opulence and splendonr. (Diod. L c) Aniinoe, widow of Lyaimachua, retired to thia place with her two sons. (Fidyaen. viii. 67.) Ptolemy Ceraanos, her half-bpsther, saeceeded by treachery in wtMling the place from ber. Like Aleiandreia and Antioch, it enjoyed Greek munidpal instdtutiraa, and was a repniilie under the Macedonian dominion, thongh CLssander's will waa its law as long aa ha lived. (Niebubr, Lectara on Andent Eiitory, vol. iii. pp. 231, 253.) About B. C. 279 it cune nndet the dominion of Apollodonu, one of the moat deteitable tyrants that ever lived. (Diod. Em. p. 56,1.) Philip, the eon of DemeCiins, made use of Cassandreia too g^leya to be constructed in the docks of that In the war with Peraena his boo (b. c. 1 69), the Homsn fleet in conjunction wiih Eumenes, king of Pei-gamua, undertook the aiege of Casaandroa, but they were compelled to retire (Uv. iliv. 11, 12.) Under Augustus a Roman colony settled at Cas- esndreta. (llarqnardt, in Becker's HarwUiuch der JWm. .J ft. vol. iii, pt. i. p. 1 18 ; Eckhel, i>. jV. vol. ii. p. 70.) This city at length (ell befiffe the barbarian Hons, "bo left hardly any Iracra of it. (Procop, B.P. ii,4, dtABdif.'v. 3; comp, Leake, NorOitTV Grttci, vol. iii. IX 152,) For cuna of CasEandieia, both antonomona and imperial, see Eckhcl ({.c). The typi constantly found is the hud of Ammon, in whose worship they OASSOPt ■earn to hare jcanad with the neighbouiing pei>[Je of Apbytis. [E, B. J,] CASSANDRES, CA5SANITAE. [GAsaNni.] CASSI, in Britain. The name of a popolatioo ■ufficienlly eastward to be mentiimed by Caesar (£, G. T, 21); indeed, CoMt-vdaanna was their king, and the Op^dnm Caaii-veUnni (Can. I. c.) waa a stockaded village, probahly, in the present Hnndrfd of Como-burj. [R. G. L.] CASSrOPE (Kooiniin)). l.A town and [ro- montory of Corcyra. [CoECTRA.] 2, A town of Euuma, mm nsnally called Cas- aope, [Cabsofk.] CASSKyTIS (KwcrwTii), a distiict of oorlba^ Syria, containing, according lo Ptolemy (t, 15, g 16), the cities of Amtiochkia. Dai-hnk, Bautaiau^, Lydia, Sblecceia, EFiruAHEta, Rapharka, ATTARASUa, Hahathus, Habiame, and Ua- HUBOA. It probably waa never considered aa a pcditical division (comp Uarqnardt, BoM^uck der Hon. Alt. p, 176), but waa nlher a district marked out by the natural Intaree of the conntry. [Syria.] (Cbesnoy, ExpaL Euphmt. vol i, ; Tbomaou, BibL Saer. vol. r.) [E. B. J.] CASSITE'RIDES. in Brilun. Tbe tin-coniiir of Cornwall, with which the Sdlly Isles were more or leas conAiwd. For detMls see BRirAimicAB In- snLAR. pp, 433—435,^ [R G, L.J CASSO'FE(Kairo-^,Steph.B.t, V,; KairiiiRiB wiii, Diod.; Kaaniini, Ft<^,), the chief town of tbe CAHSorAEI (Koinnrwaloi), a people of E]Araa, occupying the coast between Tbesprotia and the Ambradan golf, and bordering upm Nicojniis. (Scylai, p. 12; Strab. viL p. 324, seq,) Scylax deecnbeathe Cassopaeiaa living in villages; but they afterwarda rose to aucb power as to obtain poseesuon of Paudosia, Bnchaetium, and Elateia. (Dem. da Baton. 33.) We learn fiwn another authority that Batiae was also in their toriloij. (Tbeopunp. ap. BarjMKr. i. o, 'EXarna.') Their own city Caesapa or Caaaopia ia menticiied in the war earned on by Caasander against Alcetaa, king of Ejanu, in b. c 312, (Diod. liz. 88.) Caasope aCood at a abort diatance lioin the sea, on the road from Pandoua to MicopoUs Mfaa the porticn of the mountain of Z6iongo, near the viDago of Kamarina. Its ruias, which are very extensiTe, are minutely described by Leake. The ruined walls of the Acnpolia, which occupied a level about 1000 yarda long, maybe Ijaced in their entire drcuit; and those of the aCj may also be foUovrcd in the giealo- part of thur course. Tbe dty was not less Ulan three miln in drcumference. At the foot of the tliSta cf the Acropolis, towards the weetem end, there ia a theatre in good preservation, of which the interior diameter is 50 feet. Near the tbeatie ia s sublerra- neous building, called by the peasants VatiUipilo, or Kiuf^'a House. " A passage, 19 feet in length, and 5 feet in breadth, nith a curved roof one foot and a half high, leads to a chamber 9 feet 9 inches aquare, and having a similar roof 5 feet 7 iachea in "■9