Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/573

 i CABVOl >• D. K. FL MARTIO BEN Ur a GARVBTIOB. QYBSTORIO YixiT AN xxxxy MABTIOLA FIUA ET HERBS PONEN . . CVRAVTP. (Horseley, Britannia Romana, ii. 8.) [R G. L.] CABVOl a place on the road from Lugdonam BataTonim {Leyden) to Vemama {FmineHStadt). The Ant(«i)ne Itin. makes one station between Xe^ den and Trajectum (^Utrtcht^j and another between Utrecht and Ganro. The Itin. places Harenatio or Arenacom next after Carvo; but the Table makes Castra Hercolis the next staticn, and the distance from Carvo to Castra Hercnlis is xiii., which is as- sumed to be M. P. D*Anville affirms that we cannot look for this pUce lower down than Wagemngen^ on the right bank of the Ntder Ehyn. Walckenaer pUoes it a little lower at Rhmen^ which most be near the mark. Some other geographers have fixed Carvo where it cannot be. [G. L.] CAISYAE (Kitpvflu: Eth. Kapv^f), a town of Laconia upon the frontiers of Arcadia. It was originallj an Arcadian town belonging to Tegea, but was conquered by the Spartans and annexed to their territorj. (Phot Lex. «. v. Kopviircxa; Pans. Tiii. 45. § I.) Caryae rerolted from Sparta after the battle of Leuctra (b.o. 371), and oiiered to guide a Theban army into Laconia; but shortly af- terwards it was severely punished for its treacheryi for Archidamus took the town and put to death iXL the inhabitants who were made prisoners. (Xen. HeU. vi. 5. §§ 24—27, vii. 1. § 28.) Caryae was celebrated fw its temple of Artemis Caryatis, and for the annual festival of this goddess, at which the Lacedaemonian virgins used to perform a peculiar kind of dance. (Paus. UL 10. § ^ ; Lucian. de SalL 10.) This festival was of great antiquity, for in the second Messenian war, Aristomenes is said to have carried off the Lacedaemonian virgins, who were dancing at Caryae in honour of Artemis. (Paus. iv. 16. § 9.) It was, perhaps, from this an- cient dance of the Lacedaemonian maidens, that the Greek artists gave the name of Caryatides to the female figures which were employed in architecture instead of pillars. The tale oif Yitruiaus respecting the origin of these figures, is not entitled to any credit He relates (i. 1. § 5) that Caiyae revolted to the Persians after the battle of Thermopylae; that it was in consequence destroyed by the allied Greeks, who killed the men and led the women into capti- vity; and that to commemorate the disgrace of the latter, representations of them were employed in ar> chitectnre instead of columns. The exact position of Caiyae has given rise to dispute. It is evident from tiie account of Pansa- nias (iii. 10. § 7), and from the history of more than one campaign that it was situated on the road from Tf^ea to Sparta. (Thucv.55; Xen.ireU.vi.5.§§25, 27 ; Liv. xxxiv. 26.) If it was on the direct road from Tegea to Sparta, it must be placed, with Leake, at the KAan o/Krevatd: but we are more inclined to adopt the opinion of Boblaye and Ross, that 'it stood on one of the side roads from Tegea to Sparta. Boss places it NW. of the Khan o/Krevatd, in a valley of a tributary of the Oenus, where there is an insulated hill with ancient ruins, about an hour to the rightor west of the village of ^rojtAotu. Although the road from Tegea to Sparta is longer by way of CARYSTUS. 555 Ardkhova, it was, probably, often adopted in war in preference to the direct road, in order to avoid the defiles of KlisurOj and to obtun for an encampment a good supply of water. Boblaye remarks, that there are springs of excellent water in the neigh- bourhood of i4r<fifciAova, towhichLycophron, probably, idludes (KapiKthf or KofWKuy irorrwy Lyoophr. 149). (Leake, PdoponMtiaca, p. 342, seq.; Boblaye, RechercheSf p. 72 ; Ross, Reiaen im PelaponneSf p. 175.) CARTANDA (Kop^Sa : Eth. KapuaySe^s). Stephanus («. v. Kop^Sa) says that Hecataeus, made the accusative singular KopdrnvSoy. He de- scribes it as a dty and harbour (A/juijv) near Myn- dus and Cos. But At/i^K, in the text of Stephanus, is an emendation or alteration : the MSS. have Xifiyfl *'lake." Strabo (p. 658) places Caiyanda between Myndus and Bai^lia, and he describes it, according to the common text, as "a lake, and island of the same name with it ;" and thus the texts of Stephanus, who has got his information from Strabo, agree with the texts of Strabo. Pliny (v. 31) simply mentions the island Caryanda with a town ; but he is in that passage only enumerating islands. In another passage (v. 29) he mentions Caryanda as a place on the mainland, and Mela (L 16) does also. We must suppose, therefore, that Uiere was a town on the island and one on the main- land. The harbour might lie between. Scylax, supposed to be a native of Caryanda, describes the plaoB as an isknd, a city, and a port. Tzschucke corrected the text ci Strabo, and changed Xtfurri into A/jui^y : and the lust editor of Stephanus has served him the same way, following two modem critics. It is true that these words are often confounded in the Greek texts ; but if we change Af/xn} into Xlfiritf in Strabo's text, the word ra^rff, which reflrs to Af^tyq, must also be altered. (See Groskuid's note, Tran^ Strab, vol. iil p. 53.) Leake {Asia Minora p. 227) says " there can be little doubt that the Luge peninsula, towards the westward end of which is the fine harbour called by the Turks Pasha Limdniy is the ancient island oi Caiyanda, now joined to the main by a narrow sandy isthmus." He considers Pcuha lAmdm to be the harbour of Caiyanda " noticed by Strabo, Scylax, and Stephanus." But it should not be forgotten that the texts of Stobo and Stephanus sp^ of a Afftyiy, which may mean a place that communi- cated with the sea. The supposition that the island being joined to the main is a remote efiiact of the alluvium of the Maeander, seems very unlikely. At any rate, before we admit this, we must know whether there is a current along this coast that runs south from the outlet of the Maeander. Strabo mentions Scylax " the ancient writer" as a native of Caryanda, and Stephanus has changed him into "the ancient logqgraphus." Scylax is mentioned by Herodotus (iv. 44): he sailed down the Indus under the order of the first Darius king of Persia. He may have written something ; for, if the Scylax, the author of the Periplus, lived some time after Herodotus, as some critics suppose, Strabo would not call him an andent writer. [G. L.] CARYSIS (Kd^wrii) an island off the coast of Lyda, belonging to the town of Crya. (Steph. $. v. Kp6a.) [G. L.] CARYSTUS. 1. (Kdpwrros : Eth. KaplNrrio? : Karytto), a town of Euboea, situated on the south coast of the island, at the foot of Mt. Oche. It is mentioned by Homer (/I ii. 539), and is said to