Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/572

 654 CARTHAGO VETUS. rity of tiioae parts. (Strab. iii. p. 158.) It con- tinued to ivnX Tarraco in importance, till it was almost entirelj dcBtrojed bj the Gotha. S. Isidore, who was a native of the place, speaks of it as deso- late in A.D. 595. {Oriff. zy. 1.) Among the natoial prodoctions of the bmd anand New Carthage, Sttabo mentioiis a tree, the spines off which famished a bark, firam idiich bouitifal &bric8 were woven (iii. p. 175).' This was the ipartam (inrctprof : a sort of broom), which was so abundant as to give to the dty the name of Cabthago Spar- TARiA (see names ahove)^ and that of Ccunpitf Spar- taruu (rh Xraprdpiop WSior, Strab. p. 161) to the Borroanding district, for a length of 100 M. P., and a breadth of 30 M. P. firam the coast: it also grew on the neighbouring mountains. It was used ibr making ropes and matted fabrics, first l^ the Cartha- ginians, and afterwards by the Greeks and Romans; its manufacture being similar to that of flax. (Plin. six. 2. 8. 7, 8; comp. Plat. PoUL p. 280, c.; Xen. Cyn. ix. 13; Theophr. H. P. i. s. 5. § 2.) New Carthage was one of Ptolemy's points of re- corded astronomical observation, having its longest day 1 4 hrs. 20 min., and bdng distant 10 hxa. 3 min. W. of Alexandria. (PtoL viiL 4. § 5.) Numerous coins are extant, with epigraphs which are interpreted as thoee of New Carthage ; but many of them are extremely doubtful. Those that are certainly genuine all belong to the early imperial period, unider Augustus, Tiberius, and Caligula. Their types are various. The usual epigraphs are V. I. K. K. or c. V. I. K. K. (explained above), and more rarely v. L K. c. (Florez, Med. de Esp. vol. L p. 316; l^onnet, vol. i. p. 36, Snppl. vol. i. p. 70; Sestini, p. 123; Num. Go1h. Eckhel, vol. i. pp.41, foil.) [P. &] CARTHA'GO VETUS (fiapxn^^ woAmd, PtoL ii. 6. § 64: prob. Carta la Vieja)^ an inhtnd city of the Ilercaones, in the neighbonriiood of Tarraco, in Hispania Tarraconensis. From its name we may safely conjecture that it was an old Punic settlement, and that the epithet old was added, after the build- ing of New Carthage, to distinguish it from that far more famous city. (Marca, Hisp. iL 8; Ukert, voL ii.pt.ii. p. 419.) [P.S.] CARU'RA (t& KafwvpcQ, a town which was on the north-eastern limit of Caria (Strab. p. 663); its position east of the range of Cadmus assigns it to Phrygia, under which country Strabo describes it. It was on the south side of the Maeander, 20 M. P. west of Laodiceia, according to the Table, and on the great road along the valley of the Maeander from Laodiceia to Ephesus. The place is identified by tlie hot springs, about 12 miles NW. of Dmidi, which have been described by Pococke and Chandler. Strabo (p. 578) observes that Carura contained many inns rav8oxc<a), which is explained by the fact of its being on a line of great traffic, by which the wool and other products of the interior were taken down to the coast He adds that it has hot springs, some in the Maeander, and some on the banks of the river. All this tract is subject to earthquakes; and there was a story, reported by Strabo, that as a brothel keeper was lodging in the inns with a great number of his women, they were all swallowed up one night by the earth opening. Chandler (J da Minor ^ c. 65) observed on the spot a jet of hot water, which sprung up several inches from the ground; and also the re- mains of an ancient bridge over the river. On the iioad between Carura and Laodiceia was the temple of Men Carus, a Carian deity; and in the time of CARVETIL iStrabo there was a noted s^ioqI of me£cine henr, under the presidency of Zeoxis. This school was of the sect of Herc^na. (Strab. pi 580.) Chandler discovered some remains on the road to Laodiceia, which, he supposes, may be the traces of this temple; bat he states nothbig that confirms the oonjectore. Herodotus (vii. 30) mentioos a place called Gy- drara, to which Xerxes came on his road from Co- lossae to Sardes. It was the limit of Lydia and Phrygia, and King Croesus fixed a stele there with an inscription on it, idiich Glared the boundary. Leake {Ana Mmor, &c p. 251) thmks that the Cydrara of Herodotus may be Camra. It could not be far off; but the boundary between Lydia and Phrygia would perhaps not be pbced south of tho Maeander in these parts. [G. L.] CARUS VICUS, a place in Bithynia, on a route of the Antonine Itin., which runs from Glaudiqnlis in Bithynia through Cratia or Flaviopolis, and Canis Vicus to Ancyra in Galatia. Cams Vicns was 30 M. P. from Flaviopcdis. [G. L.] CARU'SA (Kapowra at Kdpownra), a Greek trading place on the coast of Paphlagonia, south of Sinope, and 150 stadia fimn it. (Arrian, p. 15; Marcian. p. 73.) It is also mentioned by Scyiaz a» a Greek dty; and by PUny (vL 2). The place is Gher$6h on the coast, wUch is Identified by the name, and the distance from Sinope, Smab. (Ha- milton, Atia Minor ^ Sec voL i. p. 304.) He observes that it is a good harbour when the wind blows from the west, and he thinks that this must be the mean- ing of the somewhat ambiguous words of the anony- mous Periplus, though they are rendered differently in the Latin version. [G. L.] CARVANCAS (KapovdryKas), a mountain farm- ing the northern bonudaxy between Pannonia and Noricnm. It extended from Mount Cere in the W. to Mount Cetius in the £., in the neighbonriiood of Aemona. It must accordingly be identified with the range between the Sdmmering and Sckockl, (Ptol. iL 14. § 1, iii. 1. § 1, where, however, the common reading is KapovaaSi^.) [L. S.] CARVENTUM (^Kapodtrro^: i:M.Carventanus), an ancient city of Latium, mentioned in the list given by Dionysius of the thurty states of the Latin League (v. 61, where the reading Kapvanaml for KopvcKToyol is dearly proved by Steph. B «. r.). No subsequent mention occnra of the dty, whidi was probably destroyed at an ou-ly period by tho Aequians or Volscians, but the citadel, Arx Car- ventana, which appears to have been a fortress of great strength, is repeatedly mentioned during the ware of the Romans with the Aequians. It was twice surprised by the latter people; the first time it was retaken by the Romans, but on the second occa- sion, B. c. 409, it defied all the efforts of the consul, and we are not told when it was subsequoitly re- covered. (Liv. iv. 53, 55.) From the circcunstances in which the Arx Car- ventana here occurs, it seems probable that it was situated not far firom Motmt Algidua, or tiie northern declivities of the Alban Hills; but there is no clue to its predse position. Nibby and Gell incline to place it at Bocca Mtusima, a castle on a rocky eminence of the Volscian mountains, a few miles from Cora. (Nibby, Dmtomif vol. iii. p. 17; Gell, Top. of /^owie, p. 374.) [E.H.B.] CARVETII, m Britain. An inscription now lost, but one which Cambden expressly states to have seen from the ndghbourhood of Old Penrith, in Cumberland, ran thus :