Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/545

 M{i'0t OABS0LAE. >t Artoiij'bat wen pinntfd unt bj «i elm!, p. Ifi4) : Ihef ant deuriMO in OetaiJ bj- Prumis (Jut if^Bo /■ucnwe, p. S7, ic). Tbe upper part of the valkj of the Tvnmo, in which CmnRoli ira> linuited, it Mt hi^h level, and hence iu clinute is cold and bleak, n Uiat, as Ovid tell;^ no (Fail. iv. 683), it would not pmduce oliva, Ihoiieh W«J] BnitedfortheKiDwtiioroom. [K.H.fi.l CARSULAE {KJpffouAoi), a dtj of Umbtla, ritiut«d on the Via FIsminia between Mevsnia and Numi. (Sttab. V. p.S27.) Tacili la 10 mile fror t gencrak of VMpMUOi when sJvancing upon Roma by lia tlaminian Way, while the ViTel- liiuis had poeled themselTra at Namia. (Tnc. Jlitl, iii. GO.) Thia ia the onlv notice of it in Listorj, bnt we l«m fmn Stnbo and Plinj th&t it was » pkra of con&ideiation under the Bunon Empire, and this i* confimied by Ibe mins still nsible at a apot >bout half way between S. Gemioo and Acqaa Sparta, •ndjust about 10 miles S.aHfana. According to Uolstmitu the ute wu still called in bis time Car- toli, and there eiUted remains of an ampliilheitre ■nd a triumphal arch in honoDT of the onipeivr Trajan. (Strab. Ic; Plin.iii. U. «. 19j Plin. £p. i.*; UaliUn. NoLio CluB. }.99.: D'Anville, Xnai Gtoffr.(itrrtidie,f.lbl.) [E. U. B.] CAETE'IA (Kopnpa: EtA. Cartel enses), a very ancient cily in the S. of Hispania Bu^tico, near M. Caipe (Gibrallar). Its euct dte hm been mnch dispuUiJ ; bnt there can be no doubt that it stood upon the smill bay which opens oiit of the straits immediately on tie W. of the rock of GibmUar, and which is called the Bay of Cihrailar at Algairat. It is tmo that Livy liewribes it as on the shore of tbe Ocean, where it first cipands ootside of the itrails ; but his words will, by IhemBelits, qnilo beaf, and indeed the conteit shows that they require, the intiTpretalion which the stAtemenls of other writers compel us to put upon them, that, when he spe^iks of tbe mere passage between the oppceile rocks of Calpe ■nd Abila, and asugns all W. of them to the Ocean. (Liv. uviii. 30, iliii. 3.) The misUken inter- pntalioR, wbtcli makes Liry place Cartels really mttide <^ the striuta in Uia wider sense, only de- aerws notice as being the opinion of Collarius, who identifies Livy'a Cartela with the Bisipro of other writera {Gtogr. Ant. tdI. i. p. 88). Similarly, hot ,i (Flor. i a. § 7s, compund with Dior is corrupted into K/urrla). Strabo, who only meu' liocis it incidentallj, at least under the name of Car- teia (but see below), says that ifunda is distant from It 460 stadia (iii. p. Ul, with Casaubau's emenda- tion), ami Hirtiiis (B.H.32) places it 170 M.F, froin Corfuba (Corjouo). Mela, whose testimony is the more impivtiint in this ease from his having been bom In the neighbonrhood, expressly places it OQ the bay tothe W. of Calpe (ii. 6). Pliny mentions it iu ccrjunction with tl.CaIpe and the Btraits(iii, 1. a. 3: frtlim ex AUanlica mari, Carleia, Tarttaot a Graeai dicta, mont Calpe). The Antunine Itine- rary names Calpe and Csnri* together, as one po- litiin, Calpe Carlela, 10 II. P. from Barbariana, and 6 from Portna Alhns (_Alffftinu); and Marcuin reckons SO stadia (5 geog. miles) by sen from M. Calpa lo Caitela, which he describes as lying on the right hand to a peison sailing from Calpe " into the unit and the C^^an," and 100 stadia from Cartela CAfiTEIA. GST to Borbesula, fho BariMriana of the Itinerary. (Msr- dsn. Heracl. J-eripI. p.39, Hudson.) Ptolemy also mentiims it between Barbesola and Calpe (ii. 4. § 6). fix the site of Cartela, with tolerabie certainty, at the very bend of the bay, on the hill of El Rocadillo, about haUway between AlgenroM and Gibrallar. (Condnit : A Diicourit lending to ihoa lit $ittiatioa OfOa OKcienl CarMa, in the Pkiloiopkical Trant- artiOB*, *oL III. pp.903, Ibli., 1719: Carter, JoHT- nej/mm Gibrallar to Malaga, Lond. 1777, ariris.) Ford describes the position as folba-s:— " The hay ia about 5 miles across by sea, and about 10 round by land. The coast road is inteisected by (he rivers Guadaranque and Patmima: on crossing the former is the eminence El Bocadilh, now t. ferm, and com grows where once was Cartelii. . . . The remains of an uipliitheatre exist, and part of the city may yet be traced. The »loora and Sfnniania destroyed the ruins, woiiing Ihem up as a quanj- in building iSm ^ojBeaiid..4?je*iVM. The onus fiiund here are numerous and beautiful. Mr. K.nt, of the port-office at Gibraltar, has formed quite a Carlcliui mnseum From El Koatdlllo to Gibrallar is about 4 miles." (Ford, Sandbo-it o/Spala, pp 19, 30.) The coina heloi^, fbr the most [urt, tu the times of the early Roman emperois. They bear the epigraphs car. ear. cart, carteia. In addition to ether types, we find on some of them the club, as a symbol of the worship of Hercules, the instrument with which he severed the neighbouring rocks of Calpe and Abila fmn one another. (Floret, Med. de Etp. vol. i. p. 393, to), ii. p. 637, vol, iii. p SEj Jlionnet, vol. i. pp. 9, 10; Spslini, Mid. Iff. p.41j Eckhel, vol. i. pp. 17, IB; Hasche, Zei. £e> iVam. ilies of that mixed Iberian and Phoenician race who were called BiaTOLt PoESi. (Strah., Marc., PtoL, /tec) It is mentioned in the Second Pi ' "■ Lvalsti Bd Adherl (Liv. ixviii. 30, 31.) In the year of the dty 583, 171, it was assigned by the senale as the reli- ef above 4000 men, the offi<pring of Roman soldien and Spanish women, who had not been united by the eonnuHinn, upon tbcir manoinisaion by the praetor, L. Canuleiuai such of the Cart«Tans as pleased to remjun were enrolled in the number of the colonists, and Cook their share of the lands ; and the (dty was made a Latina coUmia libtrtiaonm. (Liv, iliil. 3.) Cleai .tyled a hut they bear frequent reference lo the wetl.knotvn chief magistrates of a colony, (lie qvatvorvirt. In the civil war in Spain, Cartela appears to have been the chief naval station of Cn, I'ompeius, who took refoge thereafter bis defeat atMunda, but was com- pelled ia leave it on aecmmt of the dJsaffcctiaD of a