Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/544

 526 CAKPIA. § 24), CARPIDES (KdpiriBts, Anon. Per. Pont Ettx. p. 3), a people of Sarmatia Europaea, with whom the Romans were frequently at war (Capitol. Maxim, et Balb. 16; Vopisc. Awel. 30; £atrop.ix. 25; Aurel. Vict. 39, 43; Herodian. viii. 18, et seq.; Zosim. i. 20, 27). They are placed in different po- sitions by different writers. The anonymous authw of the Periplus places his Carpidea, on the anthori^ of Ephorus, immediately N. of the Danube, near its mouth ; while Ptolemy places his Carjnani N. of the Carpates M., near the Amadoca Palus, and between the Pencini and Bastcmae. The latter position ac^rees well enough with the notices of the Carpi by the historians of the empire. (Ukert, vol. iii. pt. 2. p. 436). [P. S.] CA'RPIA. [Carteia.] CARPIA'NT. [Carpi]. CARPIS (Krfpirif, Ptol. iv. 3. § 7) or CARPI (Plin. V. 3. 8. 4), a town of Zeu^itana, on the Gulf of Carthage, NE. of Mazula, and probably identical with Aquae Calidae. [P. S.] CARPIS (Kapnis)y a river which, according to Herodotus (iv. 49), flowed from the upper country of the Ombricans northward into the Istcr, whence it has been supputsed that this river is the same as the Dravus. [L. S.] CAHREA POTE'NTIA, a town of Liguria, men- tioned only by Pliny (iii. 5. s. 7), who enumerates it among the ^ nobilia oppida" which adonied that pro- vince on the N. side of the Apennines. No other trace is found of it; and its site has been ^-arionsly fixed at Chieri near TViWn, and at Carru on the TanarOy a few miles S. of Bene; the latter has per- haps the best claim. [K. U. B.] CARRHA FLUMEN. [Carrhae.] CARRHAE (K(£^^, Dion Cass, xxxvii. 5, zl. 25 ; Strab. xvi. p. 747 ; Ptol. v. 18. § 12; Steph. B.; Amm. Marc, xxiii. 3; Plin. v. 24; Flor. iii. 11; Eutrop. vi. 15; Lucan. i. 104; Kdpai, Isid. Char.; Haran or Charran, 0. T.; Kopaia ^ 4v BaT({i77 LXX., Gene*, xi. 31, xxtv. 10; Joseph. Ant.i. 16; Zonar. Annal, p. 14), a town in the NV. part of Mesopotamia, which derived its name, according to Stephanus, from a river Carrha in Syria, celebrated in ancient times for its Temple of Lunus or Luna (^Anaitin^ Spartian. Carac. 7; Amm. Marc, xxiii. 3 ; Herodian. iv.), and a co- lony said to have been founded by the Macedonians, and still more as the scene of the celebrated over- throw of Cnissus by the Parthian general Suraena. (Strab., Dion Cass., Pint., U. cc.) Ammianus states tliat Julian hero secretly invested Procopius with the purple, in case that fate should befall him. It has been generally supposed that Carrhae repre- sents the place which in Sacred history is called Haran or Charran ; a view which seems to be sup- ported by the spelling of the name in Josephns, Zona- ras, &c. (U. cc.) It is also stated that the name still remains in the country, though the place is now de- serted. (Niebnhr, vol. ii. p. 410 ; Pococke, vol. ii. p. 235.) Several coins exist, in wiiich Carrhae is spoken of as a colony and a metropolis. They belong to the times of Alexander Sevcrus and the Gordians. One of M. Aurelius is curious, as it bears the inscription Ka^^rivwv  1. A town of the Lygians in Gemiania l^Iagna, prolMiUy the modem Zamowice^ on the PilicOt in Poland. (PtoL ii. 11. § 29.) 2. A town in Pannonia, also called Caidunum (Itin. Hier. p. 562), and probably the modem S<m- drovecz. (PtoL ii. 15. § 5.) 3. A town in European Sarmatsa, the situation of which is unknown. (Ptol. iii. 5. § 30.) [L. S.] CARRU'CA, a city of Hispania Baetica, only men- tioned in the Bellum HUpanienae (c. 27). It. lay somewhere to the N. of Munda. [P. S.] CAliSEAE (KaVcai), a town so called, as it is supposed, by Polybius (v. 77). But perhaps Po- lybius uses the Ethnic name (rp^sr Kapa4ai as one may infer from the words which follow. King Atta- ins, with some Galatae, made an incnrsion against this place or people, and he reached them after crossing the river Lycus. A reading KapifffcaT in- stead of Kap<r4as is mentioned by Bckker(ed. Polyb.). There is some probability in Cramer's conjecture, that the place whicJi is meant is the CarcMus of Strabo [Carksus] ; and there is nothing in the narrative of Polybius that is inconsistent with this supposition. This river Lycus is unknown. [G. L.] CARSE'OLI (KaptrtoKoij Strab. ; KapaioXoi, Ptol. : Eth, Carseolanus), a city of the Aequians or Aequiculi, situated on the Via Valeria, between Varia and Alba Fucensts: it was distant 22 miles from Tibur and 42 from Rome. (Strab. v. p. 238; Itin. Ant p. 309.) Livy expressly tells us that it was a city of the Aequiculi, and this is confirmed both by Pliny and Ptolemy, but when in b.c. 301 it was pro- posed to establish a colony there, the Marsians oc- cupied its territory in arms, and it was not till after their defeat and expulsion that the Roman colony (to the number of 4,000 men) was actually settled there. (Liv. x. 3, 13.) Its name appears in b.c 209, among the thirty Coloniae Latuiae enumerated by Li : it was one of the twelve which on that occasion declared their inability to furnish any fur- ther contingents : and were punished in consequence at a later period by being subjected to incnea£«d burdens. (Liv. xxvii. 9, xxix. 15.) It apf^'ars to have been a strong fortress, and was hence occaKion* ally used as a place of confinement for state prisoners. (Id. xlv. 42.) It is next mentioned by Floms (iii. 18) during the Social War, when it was laid waste with fire and sword by the Italian allies. But it must have quickly recovered from this blow: it received » fresh accession of colonists under Augu.Htus, and is noticed both by Pliny and Ptolemy as one of the chief towns of the Aequiculi; its continued existence as a flourishing town can be traced throughout the period of the Roman Empire, and we leam from inscriptions that it retained its colcmial rank. As late as the 7th century P. Diaconus speaks of it as one of the chief cities of the pro^nnce of Valeria. (Plin. iii. 12. s. 17 ; Ptol. iii. 1. § 56 ; Lib. Colon, p. 239; Orell. Ingcn 994; Murat. Inter, p. 515. 2; P. Diac. ii. 20.) The period of its decay or destruc- tion is unknown ; but the modem town of Cartoli is distant above 3 miles from the site of the ancient one, the remains of which are still visible at a place called Cirita near the Otteria del CavaUere, a little to the left of the modem road from Rome to Car»oli, but on the Via Valeria, the remains of which may bo distinctly traced. Great part of the walls of Carseoli are btill visible, as well as portions of towers, an aqueduct, &c. These ruins were over- looked by Cluverius, who erroneously placed CaraeoU