Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/541

 OARNUS. who made there his preparations agdnst the Qoadi, it seems to have quite recovered from the catastrophe, for it again became the head-quarters of the four- teenth legion. The town does not seem to have been finally destroyed until the wars airainst the Magyars, in the middle ages. Whether the fort Camus men- tioned by Livy (xliil. 1) is the same as Carnuntum, or a place in lUyricum, cannot be determined. [L.S.] CARNUS (^Kdlamo)y a small island off the coast of Acamania, inliabited in the most ancient times by the Telebooe and Tapliii. (Scylax, p. 13; Steph. B. a. v.; Leake, Northern Greece^ voL iv. p. 16.) CARNUS. [Carnuntum.] CARNU'TES or CARNUTI (Kapyovrot). Tibullus (i. 7, 12) has the form Camud. Plutarch (^Caes. c. 25) calls them Camutini. A Celtic people who are mentioned by Livy (v. 34), among the tril)es that invaded Italy under BeliovesuSf in the time of Tarquinius Priscus. In Caesar's tune, the Camutes occupied a considerable territory, extend- ing from the Seifte to the Loirtf and south of the Loire, Their principal town, Genabum (^OrUans)^ was on the north side of the Loire {B, G. vii. 11); and they had another town, Autricum (ChartreSj Ptol. ii. 8), which derives its modem name from that of Camutes, which was the name of Autricum under the later Roman empire. Strabo (p. 191) describes the position of Orleans pretty correctly by saying that it is about the middle of the course of the Loire. Caesar says, that the territory of the Camutes was reckoned the central part of all Gallia {B. G, vi. 13), and that the Gallic Draids met in this country once a year in a consecrated place. The territory comprehended the dioceses of ChartreSf Orieaniy and Bhis. Two places called Fins (Fines), on the borders of the diocese of Chartres and OrleanSj and a place called Terminier, show that the division of the terriUxj of the Camutes belongs to the Roman period. The Char- train of the ante-revolutionary divisions of France, in which Chartres was included, is derived from the ancient Celtic name. The Bituriges were the neighbours of the Car- nntes on the south, and the Senones on the east. The Camutes had kings before Caesar's invasion, bnt it seems that they had got rid of them. Tas- getius, a member of the royal family, did Caesar service in the early part of his Gallic war, and he set up Tasgetius on the seat of his ancestors. The new king was murdered by his subjects in the third year cf his reign. {B. G. v. 25.) The Camutes afterwards gave Caesar hostages (3. G. vL 4), and the Read interceded for them with the Roman pro- consul. At thb time they are described by Caesar as being dependent on the Remi (in clientela), the meaning of which we are not told, but it may be conjectured from comparing this with other pas- sages in his history of the Gallic war, that Caesar had assigned them (attribuit) to his friends the Remi, who would get something out of them. Yet the Remi were not the neighbours of the Camutes, for the Senones and some other tribes lay between than. Perhaps this clientela did not exist till after the death of Tasgetius. In the seventh year of the war (b.o. 52), the Camutes began the general rising against Caesar (vii. 8), by murdering the Roman negotiatores at Genabum, and a Roman eques who was in Caesar's commissariat department. The proconsul paid them back veiy soon by burning Genabum, and giving the plunder to his soldiera (viL 11). The Camutes sent 12,000 men with CARPATES MONS, 523 the other Galli to relieve Vercingetoriz, when Caesar was b^eging him in Alesia (vii. 75), and they were routed with the rest of the Gallic army. They were in arms again in the following winter {B. G, viii. 5), and had to endure the horrors of war in a campaign with the Romans during a very severe season. Again they submitted and gave hostages, and their example induced the Celtae west (^ them finally to yield to the Roman governor (viii. 31). The last event in the history of the Camntes men- tioned by the author of the eighth book of the Gallic War, is Caesar's flogging to death Gutruatus, a Gamut, who had excited his countrymen to rise against the Romans in b. c. 52. Pliny (iv. 18) places the Camuti, sis he calls them, in Uie division of Gallia Lugdunensls, and he entitles them '* foederati," a term which we know the meaning of in the time of Cicero; bnt as we have no records of the history of Gallia of this period, it is difiicult to say whu^ is the precise im- port of the term in Pliny. The territory of the Camutes conttuned a few other small places: Dnrocasis (Dreux); Diodurum; the places called Fines; and Belca. [G. L.] CAROCOTINUM, a place in Gallia, the com- mencement of a road in the Antonine Itin., which pssses through Paris to Augustobona (Troyes). The first station from Carocotinum is Juliobona (LiiUbone'), at the distance of 10 Gallic leagues, or 15 M. P. The place thus indicated seems to be Harjleury on the north side of the outlet of the Seine, Carocotinum was therefore in the country (^ the Caleti. [G. L.] CARON PORTUS (Ko/wv Xi/a^f), a port town in Moesia, on the coast of the Euxine, in a district called Caria or Cariae, and to the SE. of the modem town of Gidgrad. (Mela, ii. 2 ; Arrian, PeripL p. 24 ; Anonym. PeripL p. 13.) As to the probability of Carians having established colonies in those parts, see Raoul-Rochette, HisL des Colon, vol. iii. p. 318. fL.S.] CAROTOLIS (Kap6rois: Eth, KapowoKirns), or the city of the Carians, a place in Caria, men- tioned by Alexander in the firet book of his Carica. (Steph. s. V. Kap($iroXts.) [G. L.] CARPA'SLA. (KapTreuriay Strab., Ptol., Died., Steph. B. ; Kapfwaffeia^ Stadiasm. ; KapnrAffiov^ Hierocl. ; Plin. v. 31. s. 35 ; lUpirocros, Const Porph. : Eih. Kapreur (Arris, Kaprocrcvs, Steph. B.: Carpas), a town and port of Cyprus, to tJie NE. of the island, facing the promontory of Sarpedon on the Cilician coast. (Strab. xiv. p. 682 ; PtoL v. 14. § 4 ; Scykx.) According to legend, it was founded by Pygmalion. (Steph. B. s, V.) It was taken by Demetrius Polior- cetes, together with a neighbouring place called Urania. (Died. xx. 48.) Pococke (7rat>. vol. ii. p. 219) speaks of remains at Carpas, especially of a wall nearly half a mile in ciroumference, with a pier running into the sea. (Engel, Kypros, vol. i. pp. 83, 174; Mem, de VAcad, des Inscrip, vol. xxxii. p. 543; Mariti, Viaggi, vol. i. p. 163.) [E. B. J.] CARPATES MONS (Jb Kofnrdrris 6pos: Carpa- thian Mountains), The name first occurs in Ptolemy, who applies it to a range of mountains beginning in 46° long and 48° 30' lat., about 1° W. of the source of the river Tibiscus {Theiss), and extending to the £. as far as the source of the Tyras {Dniester), forming a portion of the boundary between Dacia on the S. and Sarraatia on the N. (Ptol. iiL 5. §§ 6, 15, 18, 20, 7. § I, 8. § 1). This description corre- sponds tolerably well to the W, Carpaikian Moun- ^y^^4yptM,,jt^is/^