Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/539

 CABMEL. riven mn iIm Anunis, Anduiia,a' Adduds (Tira- hia Ami), which Hows dawn from the Perain dioaD- UiD), Moi ftdls into the Peielin Gulf uar Bai- moun; the Ccuiiia or Caiios (eilhsr Ibe SAw or Die Kud), tad the Bigrada (Kaiend). Plolnaj dividn the leitilor; of Cinnnim uito nnnl BubdiTisions, the nunea of vhich ore not met with in other anlhora; thej an the Rndioni or Ag- dinilis, Ciltcdcna, PBTupsphitui, and Modonuulile. Other oama which be mentionii, u lbs Cvnelo- bted, tre merelj dwriptire of Ibo occnpetien or inodo of life of [irticiUsr tribw. The inheWUnli of S,Tadt. ri. 36) ot Carmani (Kap,mnl, Folyb-T. 79 ; Uel. iiL 6 ; Plin. Ti. 96, &C.), and comprehended ■evETsI nations, or pnibiiblr tribw, whow nama «™ gii-en bj Ptolemy. Thej appear lo h»™ been a vjrlike independent nee, exhilnlinf:, according to Strabo (IT. p. 737) and AnUn (/mi 38), a gnat resemblance hi Ihrir mannere aui cnaloma lo the Hediani and Penians. Little more u known oTthe rarioua cities which ere placed in Caruiasia >j an- cient writer! than al the aQbdivisitaia of that teni- tory, according to it» natioOB or taca. Ptolemy mmlions Hatrama, whose name iinpliea a Fenian on);in, and which was rieited, if not founded, by MnrchUB (Airian, Ini SS), and Taniana, on the coast! '"^ Airiaa (fid 37) adda Kdudone; and in (lie interior of the country, Ora, Cophanla, Thronaca or Oroaaca, Sabia, Alexandreia, and Carniana. The Utter is called bj Plolemj Melropolie (^irr^idniXii), and ia without doubt the town now called Kirnuin, which givci ita name to the whole provhice of Kir- Buia. It was in the tune of Ammianm (ujii. 6) a pLice of wealth and lozurj. AJmg the coaat of Cannania were EeTml iaianda, Or^ana, Calaea, Aphiodisiie, and Ooracta or Oorac- tha, Carmana or Carminna, about which, however, little more is known than tbeu names. The ancient accounts of the provmce of Carmania ■peak of it aa a land fmltfijl in coni and wine (Strab, IV. p. "26; ArTian,.JiwJ, vi. 28, /iiii.32; Amm. llarc ixiii. 6j Curt. ix. 10), bat it appears that the olive conU not be cultivated then (Strab., Arriao, 0. ec.) ; bat from iu tnanntainani and rugged character ita wealth hi tninenils was pr.bably the mnteeL Silver, capper, and cinnabar are mentioneil among its [andnctiona, and even gold wae (nund in ■ume of ila watar-counea. (Strab. I. c; Din. v], 23. 1. 26.) The hind alto poeaawed abnndancs of wild aasoa, but fbw horaes. (Strab. 1.0.; Vucent, Voyage of Neanhju, vol. i. p. 370, Sec) [V.] CARMEL, a city of Jndab, mentioned between Maon and Ziph, in Joshoa (iv. 59). the aatne that occnra with Maon in the hiatory of David. ( 1 Sajn. UT. S.) The three sites retain their ancientname?, and are fonnd two or three hoar; sonth of Hebron, Xurmel lying between the other two IJ hour dis- tant froin Zlf, and only half an hour from Him. The mins of Kunael are very eitenave. (Robinmn, £ib. Ea. vol. ii. pp. 196—200.) [G. W.] CARMKLUS110NS(X.fi^<iX,Kip,i«|Xot,LXX.i Vjipiaiai, Stiab. ivL p. 758 ; KepM'^'o^ (pel, Joseidi. Aal. liiL 15. § 4), a mountiun m Palestine, inn^lkant in bright and eilcnt, but celebrated in history, nrred and pnfane. It forma the aontbem extremity of the Gulf of Khaila, and teprates the fireat weelem phiin of Philistia fcraa the Plain oT Eadiaelon and the coait of Pboenida. It falls ab- rnplly to the aca, and iti blaff bead forma a boh) panoDloy. From this pout it riKs npdly lo the CARMa SSI ekvalion of abont 1,500 hA, and nuia in a aonlh- easlerly directiim for about IS miles, where it ia crauiecled by a. range of lower liilld with the Rreat range that passes down the whole of Palestine, hnown in its various parts under various appella- tions, as the Mountain of Samaria, Mount £phrdm, the Hill country of Jodaea, and the Uountains of Hebron. It is a Itmettone formation, and was fbnnerly celebrated (at ila fertiUty, as ita name im- pii«. In the dirision of the land among the 12 tribes, it foimed the aoulliem boundary of Asher (Jmh. lii. 66), and is chiefly celebrated in Holy Scnptura for the McriUce of Elijah (2 Kingi, uiii.), and there can be III tie doubt that it owe« its lame for asnctity among the Pagans to the tradition of that mirBcle. It ia mentioned by lambUchus, in bis Ufe of Py. thagorag, ai a mountain of prc-cmuient sanctity, where this philoeoiAer passed some tune in solitude, in a temple. He was «ra there by the crew of an Egyptian veaael, descending from the amnmil of the Mount, walking leisurely, without turning back, un- impeded by the predpit«is and dlBkult rocka. Ho went oQ board their Teasel and sailed with them for Egypt (cap. 3). It was on this mountain that Vespasian consulted the oracle (Oracalnm Carmeli Dei, Suet. Vap. 5), Tacitns also infomis us that there wss a pA syno- nymona with the mountam. He adds " Mcc aimu- lacram Deo ant templum, nc tndidere n ■■(H..(. ThB altar was doiibtleea the traditional tite of that erected by Elijah, the memory of which hae been prceerrcd by the natives to thu day, at the sootb- eastem eitretnity of the range. The celebrated con ■ vent at the north- western extremity is said to mark the spot where Elijah and Eliiha had their abode. (Reland, FiJat. p. 327—330; Bitter, Ert&muU eon Anm, vol. viii. p. 705, &c.) Pliny (peaks of " Promonturinm Carmelom et in monte opjudum oodem nomine, quondam Acbaiana dictum (v. 19.8, 17). Possibly he means the town of PoBPHVluuH, noiTir*ai/o,at the foot of Iho mountain. [G. W.] CABMO (Kilww', Strab. iii. p. HI : Eth. Car- monentia: CaraioBa), a strongly fortified city of Hispania Baetin, KNE. of Hiapalis, at the distance ef S2 U.P. on the rwd to Emerita (iti'R. .4nt p. 414), on a hill by the ude of a S. tributaiy of the Baetis, now called the Corbona. It is first mentioued as one of the hcadqaarlcrB of the rebelhon m Baeturia, B.C. 197 (Liv. ixiiii. 31 ; vaUdiu wrbtt, Comioneni tt Bardoatm), and again in the Julian Civil War, wlien Caesar calls it by far the strongest city in the whole province of Further Spain (fl. C. iL 19; comp. Hirl. B. /(faE. 57, 64, where it ia called Caruiona). It is probably the place mentioned by Appian {lliip. 25, 58, where the name has been corrupted into Koptiinj 01 KofSirti, and Knpfuni); and also the