Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/538

 520 CABIATAE. and in some parts the rocks rise abrapUj from the sea* There was a road from Physcns in the Peraea of the Rhodians to Ephesns. The dbtances were, from PhyscQs to Li^na, in tiie territory of Stra- tonicea, 650 stadia; to Alabanda, 250 ; to the passage of the Maeander, 80 stadia: in all 1180 stadia from Physcus to the Maeander (Artemi- donis, quoted by Strabo, p. 663). At the Maeander Strabo places the limits (8poi) of Caria, an expression which may seem to support Grosknrd's emendation mentioned at the beginning of this article. Though a large part of Caria is mountainous, it contains some extensive valleys and a great deal of good hind in the basin of Uie Maeander and its tributary streams. The Peraea is a beautiful country, and contains some fertile tracts. There is still a good deal oi timber on the hills in many parts of Caria, firs, oaks, and many fine plane trees. The country produces good grain and fruits, the fig and the olive. The vine grows to the top of the highest trees. Oil b made in Caria. The variation in altitude causes a great difference in climate, for the higher tracts are cold, wintry, and snow-covered, while it is hot in the lower grounds. In the u]^)er valley of the Mosynus it is stili winter in the month of March. Some sheep are fed in Caria; and we may conclude that, as Miletus was noted for its w^ool, the high lands of Caria formeriy fed a great number of sheep. The green slopes near Ahibanda, Arab HigB&y in the valley of the Marsyas, are now covered with flocks. The limestone of the country furnished excellent building material ; and there are hot springs and gaseous flames. (Fellows, Dis- eoeeries m Lycia, Asia Minor j ifc.) The palm tree grsws luxuriantly, and the orange about the anciez:^ Halicamassus. The wine of Cnidus was highly -esteemed in ancient times. TIm islands ofi* the Carian coast are too remote to be considered as appendages of the mainland, with the exception perhaps of Cos, alreadj^ men- tioned, and the island of Syme, which is off the bay of Thymnias. There are many small rocky islands along the coast The numerous towns are described under their several heads. [G. L.] CABIATAE (Kaf>(aTeu,Strab.xi. p. .ni?), a small town of Bactriana which was destroyed by Alex- ander the Great. It is said by Strabo to have been the place where Callisthenes was secured by Alex- ander's guards. (Arrian, Anab, iv. 14; Curt. viil. 5. §8; Plut ^te. 55.) [V.] CARILOCUS (CAar/iet. a town of the Aedui, according to some of the lAtin texts of Ptolemj ; but the name b said not to appear in any of the Greek texts, which is suspicions. Nor is it men- tioned by any ancient writer. It appeare under the name of Cams locus in the documents of the 10th century. Charlieu is near the right bank of the Loire, between Semur and Rocume, [G. L.] CARINE. [Carknk.] CARISA or CABISSA (Coins: Kdpt<nra, Ptol. ii. 4. § 13: Regia Carissa cognomine Aurelia, Plin. iii. 1 . s. 3 : Ru. with inscriptions at Carixoy near BnmoSy in the neighbourhood of Semlle)^ a dty of the Tur- detani in Hispania Baetica, in the oonventus of Gades, having the civiUu Latina. Several of its coins are extant. (Caro, AfU. Hisp. iii. 19 ; Morales, Antig. p. 8, b.; Fl<n:ez, Med. de Esp. vol. i. p. 285, vol. iii. p. 30; Mionnet, vol. i. p. 8, Suppl. vol. i. p. 1 6 : Seslini, pp. 20, 38; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 16). [P. S.] CARMAEI, a tribe of the Minaei [Mwaki], CARMAKIA. mentioned by Pliny (vi. 28. s. 32), probably the same as the *AKap/jAy fiajitiov of Ptolemy (vi. 16), which Forater identifies with the modem town Kam-aL-Manzil in the Hedjaz between TVi^y and Mekkck, about 50 miles SE. of the latter {Arabia, vol. i. pp. 133, 134, vol. U. pp.255— 258). [G.W.] CA'RMALAS (Kop/tcUos), a Cappadocian river. Strabo (p. 537) says that in Cataonia there is a hill fort, Dastarcum, round which the river Cannalas runs. Then he says, in Saigaransene of Cappa- docia, there is a small town Herpa, and a river Car- malas, ** which also flows into Cilicia;" that is like the Pyramus, which he has described a little before. And again, king Ariarathes dammed up the Car- malas, but it burst the dike and damaged some land about Mall us in Cilicia, which is near the coast (p. 539). There is great confusion here, for Sargarausene is one of the northern divisions of Cappadocia. In another passage (p. 663) Strabo fixes a pkoe called Herphae, which seems to be the same name as Herpa, in Melitene, near the Euphrates. Finally, Ptolemy (v. 6, 7) places a town Carmala in Melitene and near the junction of the Melas and the Euphrates. Some geographera have assumed from this that the Carmalas and the Melas are the same river; and that Strabo is mis- taken about the Carmalas flowing into Cilicia. This cannot be admitted, though it is true that there is confusion in the passages quoted from Strabo. If the Carmalas is a river of Cataonia, it must be a branch of the Pyramus, and one oS the branches of the Pyramus is marked Charma Su in some maps. [G. L.J CARMA'NA. [CARMAifiA.] CARMA'NI^ (Kop/wiKio, Strab. xv. p. 726; Arrian, Afwh. vi. 28, Ind. 32; Pol. xi. 32; Steph. B.; Plin. vi. 23; Marcian, PeripL p. 20; Ptol. vi. 8; Amm. Marc, xxiii. 6), an extensive province of Asia along the northern side of the Persian Gulf, extending from Carpella (either C. Bombareek or C. lask) on the E. to the river Bagradas (^Nabend) on the W. According to Marcian, the distance be- tween these points was 4250 stadia. It appears to have comprehended the coast line of the modem Laristdny Kirman, and Moghostan. (fiumes* Map, 1834.) It was bounded on the N. by Paiibia and Ariana, on the E. by Drangiana and Gcdrosia, on the S. by the Persian Gulf, and on the W. by Penjis. It was a district but little known to the ancients, though mentioned in Alexander's expedition against India, in Kearchus's voyage, and in the ware of Antiochus and Ptolemy. Ptolemy divides Carmania into Carmania Deserta and Carmania. In the former, which was the inhmd country, now called Kirman^ he menti<ms no towns or rivers, but gives simply a list of places which are otherwise unknown to us. In Car- mania, or Carmania Vera, as it has been called by the old geographers, he mentions many rivers and places, which have been identified with more or less certainty. The principal mountain ranges were the Mt. Semiramidis (Jipos ^tfup<if4idoSj Arnan, PeripL ; Marcian, p. 20), perhaps that now called Gebal Shemil, a high land on the coast at the narrowest part of the Persian Gulf; and on the confin<s of Gedrosia, a mountain named Strongylus. The prin- cipal capes were Carpella (either C. Bombareek or C. lask), the eastern extremity of a mountain which terminated at tlio entrance of Paragon Bay; Har- mozun {Kohistuff f), and Tarsia, near the Persian frontier (C. Scrtes or Has-el-Jerdf'). The chief