Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/537

 CARTA. territoiy of Hjdrela which lies towards Phiygia, with the forts and villages on the Maeander, with the exception of such places as were free before the war with Antiochus. They gav.e to the Bhodians the part of Caria which was nearest to them, and the parts towards Pisidia, except those towns which were free before the war with king Antiochos in Asia. Bat the Romans took from the Rhodians their Carian possessions after the war with king Perseus (b. a 168) ; or, as Foljbius (zxx. 5) ex- presses it, they made those Carians free whom thej hiid put under the Rhodians after the defeat of Antiochus. (Liv. xliv. 15.) About B. c. 129 the Romans addeid Caria to their province of Asia ; but the Peraea was reserved for the Rhodians, if Strabo's 8tut«ment applies to his own lime. Caunus at least ^as given to the Rhodians by Sulla. (Cic. ad Q. Fr,l I. §11.) The Carians are represented by the Greeks as a warlike race; and Herodotus (i. 171), whom Strabo copes, says that the Greeks adopted the fiu»hlon of helmet plumes firam them, handles for the shields, and devices on the shields They were not a nation of traders, like the Greeks. They served as mer- cenaiy troops, and, of course, would serve anybody who would pay them well; and they were reproached with this practice by the Greeks, who^ however, fol- lowed it themselves. Apries, the king of Egypt, had a body of Carians and lonians in his service (Herod, ii. 163); and Psammenitus, the son of Amasb, had also Hellenic and Carian troops (Herod, iii. 11). The great plain of Caria is the valley of the Maeander, bounded on the north by the range called Messogis The range of Cadmus, or some high range that is connected with it, appears to run through Caria southward, then West, and to ter- minate in the peninsula in which Halicamassus is situated. This high land, called Lide, forms the northern boundaiy of the Gulf of Ceramicus, and is parallel to the south coast of Caria and near it; for there are only a few small streams that flow from the southern slope to the south coast, while three considerable streams run from the north slope and join the Maeander <m the left; bank, the Kara Su^ perhaps the Mossinus or Mosynus, the Arpa Su^ the Harpnsus, and the Tshma Chi, the Marsyas, which rises in the tract called Idrias (Herod, v. 1 18). The valley of the Calbis or Indus is sepa- rated by the high lands of Cadmus and by its con- tinuation from the basin of the Meander, though the lower part of this valley is included in Caria by the ancient geographers. The valleys of these three streams, whjch run at right angles to the direction of the ^laeander, are sepaxated by tracts of high land which are ofisets from the central range of Caria. One of these transverse ranges, which forms the western boundary of the valley of the Marsyas, is the Latmus; and the high luids called Grion occupy the peninsula between the bay of lasus and the bay of Latmus. This general direction of the mountain ranges has determined the irregular form of the western coast of Caria. On the north bide of the peninsula of Miletus was the bay of Latmus, so called from the neigh- bouring range of Latmus, but the bay has disap- peared, and a hirge tract of sea lias been filled up by the alluvium of the Maeander, which once en- tered the sea on the north side of the bay of Latmus. (Chandler, Traveli in Asia Minor ^ 4^. vol. L ch. 53, French ed.; Maeakder.) South of the bay of Latmus was the bay of lasus, also called CARIA. 519 Sinus Baigylieticus, the northern side of which ter- minated in the promontory Posidium, and the southern side was the north coast of the peninsula of Hali- camassus. The Ceramicus (Ktpofifuchs K6Kvof, Herod, i. 174), or Doris of Pliny, now the Gulf of Boodrtxm, is a deep inlet, the north side of which is formed by the mountain range already described as running through Caria from east to west, and ter- minating in the peninsula of Halicamassus. The southern side of the bay is bounded by the long Triopian peninsula, at the western extremity of which Cnidos was situated; and in the mouth of the gulf is the long narrow island of Cos, which looks like a fragment of the mountains of the con- tinent. The peninsula of Cnidos is contracted to a narrow neck in two places, and thus is divided into two peninsulas. The more eastern of these two necks seems to be the termination of the Triopian peninsula [Bubassus], which forms the northern boundary of the picturesque gulf of Syme, The south side is formed by another peninsula, a con- tinuation of a mountain range from the interior of Caria, which terminates on the coast, opposite to the island £laeu8sa, in Mount Phoenix, which Ptolemy (v. 2) enters in his list as one of the great moun- tains of the western side of Asia; and it is the highest mountain in those ports (Strab. p. 652). The Peraea of the Rhodians commenced at Phoenix and ran eastward along the coast between the moun- tains of the interior and the sea (Strab. pp. 651, 652). The bay of Syme has a rugged and uneven coast, and itself contains several other bays, which Mela, proceeding from east to west in his description of the coast of Caria (i. 1 6), names in Uie following order : — Thymnias, Schoenus, and Bubessius. The Thymuias, then, is the bay right opposite to the isUmd of Syme, bounded on the north side by the promontory Aphrodisinm; the Schoenus is the next bay further north ; and the bay of Bubassus is the bay north of the Schoenus, and the termination of the gulf of Syme. Close to this bay of Bubassus is the narrow neck of land which connects the Cnidian peninsula with the mainland. (See Hamilton's Asia Minor ^ (fc. vol. ii. p. 77.) Some gec^raphen place the bay of Bubassus on the south side of the Triopian peninsula, where also the land is contracted to a narrow neck; but if the Cnidian isthmus of Herodotus is rightly determined, this is not the bay of Bubassus. [Bubassus.] If this is the right position of the Bubassus, the Bubassie of Herodotus (i. 174) is the long peninsula to the east of the Triopia, or the rocky tract that contains the moun- tain Phoenix. And this peninsula is what Diodorus (v. 60, 62) caUs the Chersonesus opposite to the Rhodians; Pliny also (xxxi. 2) speaks of the Cheraonesus Rhodia. Thb peninsula, or Rhodian Chersonese, terminates in the Dog's Tomb (Cynos- sema) or Ass' jaw (Onugnathos), right opposite to the island of Rhodes, and in the Paridion pro- montory perhaps of Pliny opposite to the island of Syme. (Comp. Plin. v. 28, and Mela,i. 16.) The neck of this Rhodian Chersonese is the narrow tract between the head of the gulf of Syme and a land-locked bay on the east, at the head of which was the town of Physcus. Between this last- mentioned bay and another small bay, Panormus, to the east, is another Chersonesus; and further east, between the mouth of the Calbis and the gulf of Glaucus, Macri, is another Chersonesus, which ter- minates in the promontory Pedalium or Artemisium. The irregular coast of Caria is most picturesque, LL 4