Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/535

 CABENTOMAGUS. and west of the CamaTii. This giTGS them the NE. parts of the county of Sutherland. [R. G. L.] CABENTOMAGUS, a town in Gallia, is placed hy the Theodoeian Table between Divona {Ccihors)^ and S^jdonnm {Rhodez), It is xt. from Sego- dunum. The site is not known. [G. L.] CARES. [Caria.] CARESE'NE (Kopijinfyi]), a monntainooa tract in the Troad, which contained many villages, and was well cultivated. (Strab. p. 602.) It bordered on the Dardanice as far as Uie parts about 2^1eia and Pityeia. It was named from the Caresup, a river mentioned by Homer (//L zii. 20), which flows into the Aesepus. The Caresus has a considerable valley (oiXdy), but less than that of the Aesepus. Strabo says that the Andrius, which flows into the Scamander, also rises in the Caresene, part of which is therefore j^iobably a high plateau, on which the Andrius and Caresus rise. The Caresus springs between Palaescepsis and Achaenm, which is oppo- site to the island Tenedos. There was a city Caresus, but it was ruined before Strabo*s time. [G. L.] CARE'SUS (Kdpriaos), [CARESsans.] CA'RIA iii Kapia: Eth, Kip, KSpos.fem. Kitipa: Adj. Kaput6s, Kdptos), a country in the south-west angle of Asia Minor. Strabo (p. 632) makes the southern boundary of Ionia to be the promontory Poseidion, in the territory of Miletus, and the Carian mountains, as the text stands (t&p Kaput&w 6p&r), Groskurd (^TransL Strab. voL iii. p. 2) writes fyctv for 6pAr; and so Strabo is made to say that the southern boundaiy of Ionia is the Poseldium and the Carian boundaries; but as Caria borders on Ionia, if Strabo wrote so, he has in this passage flxed no boimdary, except Poseidion, which is south of the Maeander. If by the Carian mountains he means the range of Messogis, which forms the northern boundaiy of the barin of the Maeander, he does not seem to have expressed his meaning veiy accurately; fur if the Messogis which is north of the Maeander is the southern boundaiy of Ionia, it appears incon- sistent to speak of a promontory south of the Mae- ander also as a boundary. But Strabo*s text is still capable of explanation. Miletus, which was south of the Maeander, and in a tract once occupied by the Carians, was an Ionian city, and the whole coast line from Phocaea and the Hermus to Poseidioi, ac- cording to Strabo, was Ionia. It is therefore con- Bstent to make Ionia extend to Poseidium along the coast, and yet to speak of the Carian mountains as a boundaiy, if he means the Messogis, the mountain xawge that terminates on the coast In the jxtnuon- tory of Mycale. The Messogis, which lies between the basin of the Cayster and the basin of the Mae- ander, would form a natural boundary between Caria and the country to the north of the Messogis. Strabo, in another passage (p. 648), says that the plain of the Maeander is occupied by Lydians, Ca- rians, lonians, Milesians, the people of Myus, and also the Aeolians, Who had Magnesia on the Mae- ander. Again (p. 577), after describing the source ot' the Maeander, he says that it flows through Pbrygia, and then separates Lydia and Caria in the plain of the Maeander; and near the lower part of its course it flows through Caria itself (ical Kaplaif aOriiP, according to the emended text), that part which is now occupied by the lonians, and enters the sea between Miletus and Priene. Herodotus places in Caria not only Miletus and Myus, but also Priene, which is north of the Maeander (i. 142). It seema, then, a fair oondusion that the Carians CARIA. 617 once possessed all the plain of the Maeander in its middle and lower course, and that the Messogis was their northern limit. Immediately south of the Maeander, says Strabo (p. 650), all is Carian, the Carians there not being mingled with the Lydians, but being by themselves, except as to the sea-coast parts wluch the Myusii and Milesians have appro- priated. In Strebo's time, then, or according to the authorities that Strabo followed, the stock (k purer Carians commenced immediately south of the Mae- ander, and there were only traces of the former popu- lation in the plain on the north side of the river. On the north-east Caria bordered on Phrygia. Strabo (p. 663) makes Carura on the upper Maeander the boundary between Phrygia and Caria. The range of Cadmus forms a natural boundary to Caria on the north-east, occupying the country between the upper basin of the Maunder and of the Indus, one of the large rivers which enters the sea on the south coast of Caria. The natural limit of Caria on the east would be the high land that bounds the basin of the Indus on the west, and not the range of Daedala, which is in Lycia (Strab. p. 664), and forms the eastern bound^ury of the basin of the Indus or Calbia of Strabo. But the most eastern place on the coast of Caria, according to Strabo, is Daedala, east of the Indus, and north of Daedala b the mountain range that has the same name. According to this geo- grapher, the small river Glaucus, which enten the bay of Ghtucus, is the eastern boundary of Caria on the south coast, and thus he includes within Caria, at least the lower part of the valley of the Indus or Calbis, and the towns of Daedala, Araxa, and that of Calynda, though the site of Calynda is not certain. [Calyhda.] The whole coast of Caria, including the bays, la estimated at 4900 stadia. (Strab. p. 651.) The part of the south coast from Daedahi westward ta Mount Phoenix, opposite tathe small island Elaeussa, and to the northern extremity of Rhodes, 1500 sta- dia in length, waa called the Peraea. Thb Peraea belonged to the Bhodians, and is accordingly some- times called 1^ ircpola rUtf Po8(mv (Polyb. xvii. 2), who appear to have had part of this coast at least from a very early period; for Scylax (p. 38) men- tions a tract south of Cnidus as belonging to tbie Bhodians. The Carians miuntained that they were an au- ^ tochthonous continental people, the original inhabit- I ants of Caria, and that Uiey had always this name. As a proof of it, they pointed to the temple of the Carian Zeus at Mylasa, which was open to the Lydians and Mysians also, for Lydus and Mysns were the brothen of Car. (Herod, i. 171.) The proof might show that there was some fratemi^ among these three nations, but certainly it would not prove that the Carians were autochthonous in Caria. But the Cretans had a different stoiy. They said that the Cares inhabited the islands of the Ae- gean, and were subject to Minos, king of Crete, beuig then called Leleges, but they paid no tribute. They were a warlike race, and manned the ships of Minos. They were afterwards driven fraii the islands by the Dorians and lonians, and so came to the mainland. Strabo (p. 661) follows this tradition, and adds that the continental people whom they displaced were themselves Leleges and Pelasgi. But this tradition does not explain the origin of the name Carians. In the Iliad (x. 428), Cares, Leleges, Caucones, and Pelasgi are mentioned among the Trojan auxiliaries; and we may assume them all to be continental LL 3 ^V U. ty ^-.<