Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/525

 CAPPADOCIA. B. C. 93. Upon tills tli« RomBiu pate doeimia permiasion to Rovem Ihemwli liked, hat ibty sent h ileputation to Bomi the)- were not able to liesr liberty, by pnbably meant that nothing; but kinely coald H«cum tranquillity; upoo vhich I kllowed them to Fhoose a kin? from nl kItcs, lod they cfat ibsnones I., called Thihi- (Strali. p. SW: JuBlin. lairiii. S.) The new eonntrj by Jlilhridalea the Great, but he was ra- atomd by L. Snlla (b-C 92). Apiiii ho waa ei- pelled (b. c. 88), and again [wtonxl, B. 0. 84. Bulthia kiB); had no rest. In B.C. 66, thi« "bo- cius populi Komani alque arnicns' (Cic. pro Leg. MmiL 3, 5) irHa a:^ expelled by hie old enemy Hilhridated, He wsa resUired by Cn. I'ompeinfl, and Ee^igned hia troablesome throne to his aon Ario- banauea II. in b. c. 63. 1'his Ariobaramea 11. wu king of Cappadocia when Cinro Ras pi-ncontul ofCllicia, B.C. 51. Cicero pive him his suppnn (ail Cicero protected may have been not AriubarTSnes II., but Ariohananes III. If this be so, Arinbatanee 11. died before Otero wai pTKonaol nf Ciliela, and the rclKnini; king in B.C 51 «u t, third Ariobaruna. (Oirf, ofBiogr. vol. 1. p. 286,) Cicero had some very unpleasant btiuntu to transact nith this king, «ho Ta> a d*tw to On. Pompeiua the Great and M. Junina Bnitiu, the patriot. The pnwotiial, much a{;ain3t hii will, had Co dnn the king for his greedy Konuii credilore. The king nat rety poor; he had no Irea£UTy, uo regular taio. Ciccrogot out of him about 100 talents liir Bmttu, and the king's ail months' note for SOO talenta to Pompeiua (ad Att. vi. 1. 3). This Ariobananea jmned PompMUS ■cainst Caeear, who, hovever, pijdoned him, and added to his dominiona part of Armenia. (Dion 13.) ].(.. or the war aj^ainst Antomne Octavias, he sent >ome horaemen, who asaasaiiialed Ariobananea, on the pretext that be wai cinii|uing against Cassius. (Appan, B. C. ir. 63.) The aasasina robbed the dead king, and carried oiF hie money and whatever elie was moreable. Thie king wMiueeeededbyAriarathesVlI.; but Sunnas dis- puted the title with him, and M. Anbmius, while paaung through Asia after the battle o[ Philippi, gure a judgment in favour of SielouM, on account of the beauty of his mother Glaphyre. In B.C. 36, Anlonins expelled and murdered Aiianthea, and gave the kingdom tn Archelans, a descendant of the Archelans who wu a general of Mithridatea (in B.C. 88). All the kinga of Cappadocia up to this Arche- lans have Pereian names, and probably were of Per- sian stock. (See Clinton, Ftuli, on the kings of Cappadocia; iJtcf. o/Siosfr. vol.L pp.a84, 285.) Aithelaui rewired from Aoguatiu (b. c. SO) some fsrU of Cdicia on the coast, and the Leaser Armenia. (l>ionCssa.hv.9.) In *.i>. 15, Tiberius tiMche- rously invited him to Bone, and kept him there. He died probably about a.D. 17, and hia kingdom Dio _ Koman prorince. (Tb Cas».lvii. IT; Slrab. P.S34.) When Strabo < hia description ef Cappadocia, Archelans was ma governed by a Pmcorator. (Tac. Ca^qiadocia, in its widest extent, u Stralw to be what be calls an isthu peninanb, this iathmos being cmtnicted by the Unit of Imub 00 the south — as fat west *a Cilicia Tm- CAPPADOCIA. 6n7 a or Jlountainous Cilicia,— and by the Euiiiie the north, bclweon Sinope and the Ka-c[iat of the Tibareni who were about the river Thenuiidon. The part wc«t of this isthmus is called the Cberso- eorresponds tn the country which Hc- within (trri,-), that is, west of, l)]e in Strabo's time it nas the faal a this ' within Tau rhich he even ircludes Ljda (p. 534). This {■Ibmna is called a neck {aixh') by Herodotus; but the dimensions which he assigns to it, as they aland in OUT texts, are very inexact, being only five davs' jourany to an active man (1. 72). He reckons a day's journey at 200 stadia (iv. 101), and at 150 stadia in another pkce (v. 53). The dimen^ons of Cappadocia from the Ponlus, that is, the prorince of Pontus, to the Taunis, its Mulhem limit, are slated by Strabn to be 1800 sta- dia; and the length ftt>m Phrygia, its western b*>un- dary, to the Euphrates and Armenia, the ea:^tem boundary, about 3000 stadia. Ibew dimensions are too large. Tiic boiradarv between I'onlus and Caj- jmdocia is a mountain tract parallel to the Tanrue, . where the hill fort Dasmenda stauda (it is ul- coRWtly printed Commagene in Casanbon'a Sirab. p. 540), to^ecastemeitremityofLaviniasene. Com- magene and Laviniasene are divisions of Cappadcria. Th«e limits do not include Cilicia Trachea, which ttached to Capjadocia; and Strabo describes this division of Cilicia under Crucu. The toi diiisiona of Cappadocia (Strab. p. 534) are, Melitme, Cataoma, Cilicia, Tyauitis, and Gar- aaaritia, which is incorrectly written Isaoritis in Casanbon'a text. He calls these the divi^ona at or abool Taonn (ol wpit rf Jeiptp') ; and he ennme~ rates them from cast to west. For Melitene was on the west bank of the Euphrates, which separated it from Snphene on the east of the river. South-west of Melitene is the badn of Cataonia, which lies be- tween the range of Amanns on the south, and the Antitacnu on the north. The district of Cilicia bordered on Cataonia, and it contained the town of Mazaca, afterwards Caeaareia, and the lof^ mountain Argaeus [Aroabus], the highest ptHnt of Cappa- docia. The Tyauitis, so called tmm Tyana, is ■outh-west of Cilicia. 'Tyana was at the northern base of Tanmi, and near the paas into Cilicia, called the Cilidan galea. Cilicia and Tyanltis, according ^a Strabo, were tbe only divisioiu of Cappadocia that contuncd citta, Gareanritis wu on the west, on the borders of Phrygia. The other five districta named by Strabo are, Laviniasene, Sargarausene, them also from east to west, or nearly so. They occupied the northern [kit of Cappadocia, bordering on Pontus. The pcration of Laviniasene is not easy to £i ; bnt, according to Stmbo's words, already cited, It must be in the north-east port of Cappo- docia. It is wnrngly placed in some maps. To thew tan divisions were added by the Romans an eleventh, Cvlnslra and Castabala, and as tar as Derbe, which is in LycBonia. Annenla Minor did not originally belong lu the Roman province of Cappadocia, the limits of which Strabo has described. The Greek gfographor lixea the poeition of Armenia lIinor(p. 5S5) thus. South of Phamacia and Trnpeius, on the Euiine, are the Tibareni and Clialdara, aa he calls them, who extend as far south as Armenia the Less, which ia a lolenbly