Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/517

 CANDIDUM. light troops 1MB garrisoned. (Procop. de Aed. iv. 7 ; Itin. Ant. 223.) It was situated near the modem Kiiimany and was pariu^ps tiie same place as the Nigriniana of the Tab. Ftat. and the Geog. Rav. (iv. 7). [L. S.] CA'NDIDUM PROMONTOWUM (Ras-el- Abiadf C. Blanco: all thi-ee names nnaning White)^ a lofty headland of chalk and limestone, on the N. coast of Zengitana in Africa, N. of Hippo Begins, and forming the W. headland of the Sinus Hippo- nensis. (Mela, L 7. § 2 ; Plin. v. 4. s. 3 ; Solin. S7 ; Shaw, Travels in Barhary^ p. 74, 2d ed.) Shaw takes it for Livj's Pulchrum Promontorium, where Scipio landed ; but that headland is the same as the Apolumis Promontokium. [P. S.1 CA'NDYBA (¥idylv%a: Eth. KoyJwfeiJs), a town in Lycia (Pliu. v. 27) with a forest Oenium near it. Its site is now ascertained to be a place called Gei^ detfOTj east of the Xanthus, and a few miles from the coast. (Spratt's Lyda, vol. i. p. 90, &c. and Map.) The resemblance of the name is pretty good evidence of the identity of the places; but a Greek inscrip- tion <»ntaining the Ethnic name Kai^Sv^cvs was copied on the spot Some of the rock tombs are beautifully executed. One perfect inscription in Lycian characters was found. I'he forest of Oenium forest that now covers the mountain above the city." A coin procured on the spot from the peasantry had the letters Kand (so in Spratt's Lycia^ vol. i. p. 95) on it In the MSS. of Ptolemy the name, it is said, is K<ii^v$a, but this is a very slight variation, arising from the confusion of two similar letters. In the old Latin version of Ptolemy it is Condica. [G. L.] CANE. [Canae.] CANE (jUurri), an emporium and promontory cm the south coast of Arabia, in the country of the Adra- mitae (Ptol. vi. 7. § 10), which was, according to Arrian, the chief port of the king of the incense country, identified by D'Anville with Cava Canim bay, which Lieut. Weilstead and Capt. Haines find at Jlistan Ghorabj " a square dreary mountain of 456 feet in height, with very steep sides." " It appears to have been formerly insulated, although now con- nected with the main by a low sandy isthmus." At its base, ** which is a dark, greyish-coloured, C4>mpact limestone," are niins of numerous houses, walls, and towers; and ruins are thickly scattered along the slope of the hill on the inner, or north -eastern side, where the hill, for one-third of its height, ascends with a moderate acclivity. A very narrow pathway, cut in the rock along the face of the hill, in a zigzag direction, led to the summit of the hill, which is also covered with extensive ruins; and on the rocJcy wall oi this ascent are found the inscriptions which have so long baffled the cariosity of the learned. They are " on the smooth face of the rock, on the right, about one-third the ascent from the top. . . . The cha- racters are 2^ inches in length, and executed with much care and regularity." (Wellstead's Travels m Arabia^ vol. ii. pp. 421 — 426, cited with Capt Haines's MS. Journal in Forster's AralnOf vol. ii. pp. 183—191, and notes.) [G. W.] CANE'THUS. [Chalcis.] CANGI, a people of Britain, i^ainst whom Osto- rios Scapula led his army, after the reduction of the Iceni. Their fields were laid waste; and, when this had been efiected, the neighbourhood of the Irish Sea was approached (" ductus in Cangos exercitus — vastati agri — ^jam ventum hand procul mari quod Bibermam insohun aapcctat, Tac. Ann, xii. 32). CANNAE. 499 This was a. d. 50, during the^r«/ (not the Boadi- cean) war against the Iceni. Ptolemy has a Can- canorum (^Ganganorum) PromorUorium^ and the Geographer of Ravenna a town called Canca. Lastly, there is a station of the NotUia called Concangii, None of these exactly explain the Cangi of Tacitus. The Canca civitas is unknown; the Gar^anorum Prom, is a headland of North Wales j the Concangii are generally fixed in Westmoreland. Ptolemy's promontory, however, is the nearest All that can be said is that the Cangi lay somewhere between the Iceni (East Anglia) and the Irish Sea. The Index of the Monumenia Britannica places them in So^ msrsei. North Wales is a likelier locality. For remarks on the value of the different statements of Tacitus in respect to Britain,8ee Colonia. [R.G.L.] CANI'NI CAMPI, a district of Rhactia Prima^ corresponding to the modem Graubundlen. (Amm. Marc. XV. 4 ; Sidon. ApoUin. Paneg. Maior, 376 ; Greg. Turon. x. 3.) [L. S.] CANIS FLUMEN, a river of Arabia n.entioned by Pliny (vi. 28. s. 32), supposed by Forster to be identical with the " Lar fluvius " of Ptolemy in the country of the Nariti, at the south of the Persian Gulf, now called the Zisir, which he takes to be equi- valent to Dog River. (^Geog, of Arab. vol. ii, pp.222, 236.) One great difiiculty (A identifying the places mentioned by the classical geographers arises from the fact, that they sometimes translate the native name, and sometimes transcribe it, especially if it resembled in sound any name or word with which they were familiar; nor did they scruple to change the orthography in order to form a more pronounceable name than the original. The inconvenience of repre- senting the Semitic names in Greek characters de- terred Strabo (xv. p. 1 104) from a minute description of the geography of Arabia, and involves endless difii- culty in a comparison of the ancient and modem geo- graphy of the peninsula, particularly as the sites are not at all clearly defined, and even Ptolemy, the best informed of the ancient geographers, had a very in- distinct notion of the outline of the coast To illus- trate this in the name before us. On the south coast of Arabia ai-e two promontories Ras KeJb (i. e. Cape Dog) a little east of Bissan Ghorabs and Ras Akanis a little west of Ras-eUHadd. Either of these names might be represented by Pliny as Canis Promontorium. So with Canis flumen. There can be little doubt that he thought ita name was " Dog river," for he also calls it by its Greek equivalent " Cynos fiumen " (kvvos wdrofios). But, perhaps, a more probable conjecture can be offered than that of Mr. Forster, as it seems very doubtful whether Lar or Zar can mean Dog. Near the ^ Canis fiumen " Pliny pkces the " Bergodi " and the " Ca^ tharrei;" the former have been already found (s. v.) to the west of the Zar river, and the latter are doubtless identical with the Kadara of Ptolemy in the same situation, between which and the river Lar Ptolemy places " Canipsa civitas." (Kdyo^a w6is) next to the rivers sources. There can be little doubt that the '' Canis flumen " was named by Pliny, from Canipsa, which stood near it [G. W.J CANNAE (Kdb^yof, Strab. et al. Komt, Polyb.: Eth. Cannensis : Canne)^ a small town of Apulia on the S. bank of the Aufidns, about 6 miles from its mouth, celebrated for the memorable defeat of the Romans by Hannibal, B.C. 216. Although no doubt exists as to the site of Cannae itself, the ruins of which are still visible on a small hill about 8 miles from Canosa (Canusium), and the battle was certainly KK 2
 * probably may be recognised in the extensive pine