Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/516

 498 CANAAN. rains of an extensive villacie, to which a wavering and uncertain local tradition gives the name of Kana, (Robinson, B. R. iii. p. 204 — 207.) 2. There appears to have been another village of this name not far from Jericho, where the army of Antiochas Dionysus perished with hunger after their defeat by the Arabs (Joseph. B. J. L 4. § 7, comp. Ani. xiii. 15. § 1), and where Herod the Great was encamped in his war with Antigonns. (^B. J. i. 17. §5.) [G.W.] CANAAN. [Palaestiwa.] CANAE (Kc{rcu : Etk Kavcuos), a small place founded by the Locri of Cynus (Strab. p. 615) in Aeolis, opposite to the most southern part of Lei^Ms, in a district called Canaea. The district extended as far as the Arginusae islands northward, and to the promontory rising above them, which some called Aega. The place is called Cane by Mek (i. 18). Pliny mentions it as a ruined place (v. 32) : he also mentions a river Canaeus; but he may mean to place it near Pitane. In the war of the Romans with Antiochus (b. c. 190, 191), the Roman fleet was hauled up at Canae for the winter, and pro- tected by a ditch and rampart. (Liv. xxxvL 45, xxxvii. 8.) Mela places the town of Cane at the promontory Cane, which is first mentioned by Herodotus (vii. 42). The army of Xerxes, on the march from Sar- des to the Hellespont, crossed the Caicus, and leaving the mountun of Cane on the left, went through Atameus. The position of Cane or Canae, as Strabo (pp. 615, 581, 584) calls the promontory, is, accord- ing to him, 100 stadia from Elaea, and Elaea is 12 stadia from the Caicus, and south of it; and he says that Cane is the promontory that is opposite to Lee- tum, the northern limit of Uie Gulf of Adramyttium, of which gulf the Gulf of Elaea is a part He there- fore clearly places the promontory Cane on the south side of the Gulf of Elaea. In another passage (p. 581) he says, " From Lectum to the river Ciucus, and the (pla<%) called Canae, are the parts about Assns, Adramyttium, Atameus, and Pitane, and the Elaeatic Bay, opposite to all which extends the island of the Lesbians." Again, he says, " The mountain (Cane or Canae) is surrounded by the sea on the south and the west; on the east is the level of the Caicus, and on the north is the Elaeitis." This is all very confused; for the Elaeitis is south of the Caicus, aud even if it extended on both sides of the river, it is not north of Canae, unless Canae is south of Elaea. Mela, whose description is from south to north, clearly places Cane on the coast after Elaea and Pitane; Pliny does the same; and Ptolemy's (v. 2) Caene is west of the mouth of the Cucus. The promontory then is Cape Colonic west of the month of the Caicus. Strabo's confusion is past all explanation. He could not have had any kind of map, nor a clear conception of what he was de- scribing. Cane was both a mountain tract and a promon- tory. The old name was AegE (A/tS), as Strabo remarks, and he finds fault with those who wrote the name Aeg& (A77a), aa if it was connected with the name " goat " (comp. Steph. », v. A^y<C), or Aex (Atf ). Strabo says that the mountain (Cane) is of no great extent, but it inclines towards the Aegean, whence it has its name; afterwards the promontory was called Aega, as Sappho says, and the rest was Cane or Canae. See the note in Groskurd's Strabo (vol. ii. p. 601). [G.L.] CANARIA. [FoaTUVATAX Insuuus.] CANDIDLANA. CANAS, a town of Lycia, mentioned by Pliny (v. 27. s. 28). The site is not known. He mentions it next before Candyba. [Candyba.] [G. L.] CANASIS {KavdjiTis, Arrian, Ind. 29), a small port on the shore of Gedrosia to which the fleet of Nearchus came. Vincent identifies it with a small place called Tiz. The countiy seems to have been then, as now, nearly deserted, and exposed to much suffering from drought. (Vincent, Voyage of Near- chuB, vol. i. p. 267.) [V.] CANASTRAEUM (YLavaffrpaiov, Kdvcurrpov: Eth, KoMcurrfmios: Cape Pa/ttirt), the extreme point of the peninsula of Pallene. (Herod, vii. 123 ; Thnc. iv. 110; Strab. vii. p. 330; Apollon. Rhod. i. 599; Ptd. iii. 13; Liv. xliv. 11; Plin. iv. 10; Pomp. Mel. ii. 3. § 1 ; Leake, Northern Greece, voL iii. p. 156.) [E.B.J.] CANATE (Koi^Ti;, Arrian, Ind. 29), a desert shore of Gedrosia, the next station to Canasis made by the fleet of Nearchus. Vincent, by some inge- nious arguments, has given reasons for supposing it the same as the present promontory of Godeim. (Vincent, Voyage ofNearckuSy vol. i. p. 269. [V,] CANATHA (Kdfada). In Josephus {Ant, xv. 5. § 1), KdyaBa is a various reading for Kova, and is apparently the same place as that referred to in the preceding article. In the parallel passage in the War (I 19. 1 2) the reading is KoMoBa r^s Kol s Si/plas, and both Ptolemy (v. 15. § 23) and Pliny (▼. 18) mention a city of that name in Coelesyria, which the latter reckons among the cities of the De« capolis. [G. W.] CANCANORUM PROM. [Ga2?oani.] CANDACE (Koj^Sa/n;, Isid. Char. p. 8), a town placed by Isidore in Asia. Nothing is known about it, nor is it mentioned elsewhere. Forbiger thinks it without doubt the same as Cotace (Kordicri) in Pto- lemy (vi. 17. § 8), but gives no reason for this suppo- sition, which is a mere conjecture. [V.] CANDARA (KcU8a/>a: Etk.Kai^priv65), a place " in Paphlagonia, three schoeni from Gangra, and a village Thariba." (Steph. B. s. v.) This is a quota- tion from some geographer, and it is worthy of notice that the distance is given in schoeni. Stephanus adds that there was a temple of Hera Candarene. As the site of Gangra is known, perhaps Candai-a may be discovered. [G. L.] CANDARI (KdvBofioi, Ptol. vi. 12. § 4), a tribe in the NW. part of Sogdiana. They are mentioned by Pliny (vi. 26) in connection with the Chorasmii; but they would appear to be to the £. of the Kharezm country. It seems probable that the name is derived from the Sanscrit Gandhdras, a tribe beyond the Indus, mentioned in the Mahabh^at. [V.] CA'NDASA (K(£v8a<ro), a fort in Caria, accord- ing to Stephanus (s. v.) who quotes the 16th book of Polybius. He also gives the Ethnic name Kai*a<r«tJs. [G. L.] CANDA'VIA (KayHaotta, Hierosol. Itin. ; Pent. Tab. ; Elbassmijj a mountain of Ulyria. The Egnatian Way, commencing at Dyrrhachium, crossed this mountain, which lies between the sources of the river Genusus and the lake Lychnitis, and was called from this Via Candavia. (Strab. vii. p. 323.) Its distance from Dyrrhachium was 87 M. P. (Plin. iii. 33 ; comp. Cic. ad Att.m.7; Caes. B. C. iiL 79 ; Sen. Ep. xxxi.) Colonel Leake (^Northern Greece, vol. i. p. 343, iii. p. 280) found its bearing N. 23 W. by compass. [E. B. J.] CANDIDIA'NA (K<xvZiZican£), a fort on the Da- nube in Lower Moesia, in which a detachment of