Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/515

 CAMPI RAUDII. tlie nei^hbonring country, which gave rise to the fable of the p^Unts beintr baried beneath it (Strab. y. p. 245; Diod. v. 71), though others derived it from the frequent wars of which this part of Italy was in early times the scene, on account of its great fer- tility. (Pol. iii. 91; Strab. /, c.) Pliny considers the Phlegraean plains of the Greeks to be synony- mous with what were called in his time the Casipi Ladokini, or Ladorlab; but the latter term ap- pears to have had a more limited and local significa- tion, being confined, according to Pliny, to the part of the plain bounded by the two high roads leading respectively firom Cumae and from Puteoli to Capua. (Plin. in. 5. s. 9, xviii. 11. s. 29.) The Greek name, on the other hand, was probably never a local term, but was applied without discrimination to the nvhole neighbourhood of Cumae. Hence Silius Italicus calls the Bay of Baiae and Puteoli " Phle- graei sinus"* (viii. 540), and in another passage (xii. 143), he distinctly connects the legend of the Phlejn^aean giants with the volcanic phenomena of the Forum Vulcani or Solfaiara, [E. H. B.] CAMPI RAU'DII, or CAMPUS RAU'DIUS, a plain in Cisalpine Gaul, which was the scene of the great victory of Marius and Catulus over the Cimbri, in B.C. 101. But though this battle was one of the most memorable and decisive in the Roman annals, the place where it was fought is very imperfectly designated. Floras and Velleius, who have preserved to OS the name of the actual battle field (** in pa- tontissimo, quem Raudium vocant, campo," Flor, iii. 3. § 14 ; " in campis, quibus nomen erat Ran- diis," Veil. Pat ii. 12; Vict, de Vir. 10. 67), afford no clue to its situation. Orosius, who has described the action in more detail (v. 16), leaves us wholly In the dark as to its locality. Plutarch, without mentioning the name of the particular spot, which had been chosen by Marius as the field of battle, calls it the plain about Veroellae (t^ irc8/oy T^ wfpl BcpjccAAaf, Plut. Mar. 25). There is no reason to reject this statement, though it is impos- sible for us, in our total ignorance of the circum- stances of the campaign, to explain what should have drawn the Gauls from the banks of the Athesis, where they defeated Catulus not long before, to the neighbourhood of Vercellae. Many authors have nevertheless rejected Plutarch's evidence, and sup- posed the battle to have taken place in the neigh- bourhood of Verona. D'Anville would transfer it to JihOf a small town about 10 miles NW. of Milan, but this is not less incompatible with the positive testimony of Plutarch; and there is every reason to believe that the battle was actually fought in the great plain between Vercellae and Novaria, bounded by the Sesia on the W., and by the Agogna on theE. According to Walckenaer, a part of this plain is still called the Pratt di Rb, and a small stream that traverses it bears the name of Roggia^ which is, howerer, a common appellation of many streams in Lombardy. About halfway between FerceW Jind Mortaray is a large village called Rcbio or RobiHo. Cluver was the first to point out this as the probable site of the Raudii Campi : the point has been fully di.scu&sed by Walckenaer in a memoir inserted in the Memoires de VAccuUmie des Inscriptions (2d se- ries, vol vi. p. 361 — 373 ; see also Cluver. ItaL p. 235 ; D'Anville, Geogr. Anc. p. 48). [E. H. B.] CAMPI VETEUES, a place in Lucania, which, aooording to Livy (xxr. 16), was the real scene of CAKA. 497 the death of Tib. Sempronius Gracchus during the Second Punic War (b. c. 212), though other an- nalists transferred it to the banks of the Calor, near Beneventum. He gives us no further clue to its situation than the vague expression "in Lucanis;*' and it is impossible to fix it with any certainty. The resemblance of name alone has led local topographers to assign it to a place called Vietri, in the moun- tains between Potema and the valley of the Tanagro. (Romanelli. vol. i. p. 438.) [E. H. B.] CAMPODU'NUM (Ka^6il^wov), a town in the countiy of the Kstiones in Vindelicia. It was si- tuated on the road from Brigantium to Augusta Vin- delicorum, and is identified with the modern Kemp- teny on the river filer. (Ptol. ii. 13. § 3; Itin. Ant p. 258 ; Vita 5. Afagni. c. 18.) [L. S.] CAMPO'NI, a people of Aquitania (Plin, iv. 19), perhaps in the valley of Cixmixxn m the Bi- gorrt. [G. L.] CAMPSA. [Crossaea.] CAMPUS DIOME'DIS. [Canusivm.] CAMPUS FOENICULA'RIUS. [Taruaco.] CAMPUS JUNCA'RIUS. [Km^ouiak.] CAMPUS SPARTA'RIUS. [Cabthaoo Nova.] CAMPUS STELLA'TIS. [Capua.] CAMPYLUS, a tributary of the Acheloua, flowing from Dolopia. [Achelous.] , CAMULODU'NUM. [Colonia.] A ^ ^^^ CAMU'NI (Ka,uoDyoi),an Alpine {)edp]e, wno in- habited the valley of the OUius (Oglio), from the central chain of the Rhaetian Alps to the head of the Lacus Sebinus {Logo d' Iseo). This valley, which is still called the Vol CamonicOy is one of the most extensive on the Italian side of the Alps, being above 60 miles in length. Pliny tells us that the Camnni were a tribe of Euganean race; while Strabo reckoiis them among the Rhaetians. The name of the Camuni appears among the Alpine tribes who were reduced to subjection by Augustus : after which the inhabitants of all these valleys were attached, as dependents, to the neigh- bouring towns of Gallia Transpadana ('* finitimis attributl municipiis," Plin. iii. 20. s. 24 ; Strab. iv. p. 206 ; Dion Cass. liv. 20). At a later period, however, the Camuni appear to have foimed a separate community of their own, and we find mention in inscriptions of the " Res Publica Ca- munoram." (Orell. /fucr. 652, 3789.) In the later division of the provinces they came to be included in Rhaetia. [E. H. B.] CAMUNLODU'NUM, in Britain, mentioned by Ptolemy as a town of the Brigantes. Identified — though, perhaps, on insufifeient grounds — by Horsley with the Cambodunum of the Itinerary. [Cambo- DUNUK.] [R. G. L.] CANA (Kara). 1. A village of Galilee, the scene of our Lord's first miracle. (S. John^ ii.) A village of this name in Galilee is mentioned by Jo- sephus, as his temporary place of residence during his command in that country, and his notices of it appear to indicate that it was not fas distant finom Sepphoris. ( Vita^ § 16, seq.) The village of Kephr Kenfuiy hour NE. of Nazareth, is pointed out to modern travellers as the representative of " Cana of Galilee;** but it appears that this tradition can be traced back no furtlier than the 16th century. An earlier, and probably more authentic tradition, cur- rent during the period of the Crusades, assigns it to a site 3 miles nortli of Sepphoris on the north of a fertile plain, noir called d-BHUaufj where, a little east of Kephr Mendoy are still found on a hill side K K