Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/507

 CAMBYSES. ti. 13. B. 15 ; Dion Cass, xzxvii. 3 ; Ejut Strab. ap. Hudson, Gtogr, Mm, voLii. p. 14B.) [P.S.] CAMBYSES (KoM^i^f, PtoL vL 2. § 1 ; Amm. Marc. zxiiL 6), a rivier of Media Atropatene, which appean, from the notice in Ptolemy, to have flowed into the Caspian Sea. It is not possible to deter* mine its eauust locality; but if the order in Amml- anns be correct, it would seem to have been near the Amardns, now Sefid-Hud. In the Epitome of Strabo (xi.) a nation vi the Caspians is spoken of v-cpl T^ KofiiSwrnr worafiSy. [V.] CAMEIBUS. [Rhodus.] CAMELOBOSCI (Kaui|Ao«o<rirol, PtoL vi. 8. § 12), a wild tribe of Carmania, placed by Marcian (p. 20) on the banks of the river Dora or Dara, east- wards towards the Desert [V.] CAME'RU or CAME'RIUM (Katxtpta: Eth. Ka- ftJtfSwofy Camerinus), an ancient city of Latinm, men- tiflned by Livy among the towns of the Prisd Latini taken by Tarquinius Priscos. (liv. L 38.) In ac- cordance with this statement we find it enumerated among the coloniesof Alba Longa,or the cities founded byLatinus Silvius. (Diod.vii. ap.Eu8eb.Arm. p. 185; Origo Gentis Rom, 1 7.) Dionysius also says that it received a colony from Alba, but had previously been a city of the Aborigines. According to him it engaged in a war against Romulus and Tatius, but was taken by their arms, and a Roman colony esta- blished there (ii. 50). But, notwithstanding this, he also mentions it as one of the independent Latin cities reduced by Tarquin (iii. 51). After the expulsion of the kings from Rome, Cameria was one of the foremost to espjuse the cause of the exiled Tarqains^ for which it was severely punished, being taken and utterly destroyed by the Consul Veiginios, B.C. 502. (Dionys. v. 21, 40, 49.) This event may, probably, be received as historically true : at least it explains why the name of Cameria docs not appear in the list of the cities of the Latin League shortly afterwards (Dionys. v. 61): nor does it ever again appear in histoiy: and is only noticed by PUny (iiL 5. s. 9) among the once celebrated cities of Latium, which were in his time utterly extinct. Tacitus has recorded that the ancient family of the Coruncanii derived ito origin from Cameria {Ann. XL 24.), and the cognomen of Camerinus borne by one of the moet ancient fiimilies of the Sulpician gens, seems to point to the same extraction. The site of Cameria, like that of most of the other towns <^ Latium that were destroyed at so early a period, must be almost wholly conjectural. Pahmbaraf a small town on an isolated hill, near the foot of the lofty Monte GenaarOj and about 22 miles from Rome, has as fair a claim as any other lo- caHty. (Abeken, Mittel ItaUen, p. 78.) [£. H. B.] CAMERrNUM(K(VMipu'oy,PtoL; Kofupia^A^ pian; KoM^pni, Strab.: £th. Camerinus orCamers, •ertas: CanierMM>),a city of Umbria, situated in the Apennines, near the frontiers of Picenum. It occu- pied a lofty position near the sources of the river Flnsor (^Ckimtt)^ and a few miles on the E. of the oentnU ridge of the Apennines. No mention of the dig is fbni^ before the Roman Civil Wars, when it appears as a place of some consequence, arid was occupied by one of the Pompeian generals with six cohorts, who, however, abandoned it on the advance of Caesar. (Caes. B. C. i. 15 ; Cic odAtL viii. 12, B.) Again, during the outbreak of L. Antonius at Pern^da, it was sei2ed by Plancus with two legions. (Appian, B.C. v. 50.) At a later jjeriud, prdbably under Augustus, its territory was portioned out CAMEBINUM. 489 among militaxy colonists; but it continued to be a muiiidpium, and appears to have been xmder the empire a tolerably flourishing town. {Lib. Colon. pp. 240, 256; PtoL iii. 1. § 53 ; Orell Inter, 920, 2172.) But while we find but little mention of the city the people of the Camertss are noticed from an early period as one of the most considerable in Um- bria. As early as b. c. 308, the Roman deputies, who were employed to explore] the Ciminian forest and the regions beyond it, are said to have advanced, as far as to the Camertes (" usque ad Camertes Um- bros penetrasse dicuntur," Liv. Lx. 36), and esta- blished friendly relations with them. These probably became the first foundation and origin of the pecu- liarly favourable position in which the Camertes stood towards the Roman republic. Thus in b. c. 205, we find them mentioned among the allied cities that furnished supplies for the fleet of Scipio, when they are contrasted with the other states o{ Etruria and Umbria as being on terms of e^no/ alliance with the Romans (" Camertes cum aequo foedere cum Romania essent," Liv. xxvlii. 45). Cicero also mora than once alludes to tlie treaty which secured their privileges (" Camertinum foedus sanctissimum atque aequissimum," pro Balb. 20; Val. Max. v. 2. § 8; Pint. Mar. 28). And at a much later period we find the '* Municipes Camertes " themselves recording their gratitude to the emperor Septimius Severus for the confirmation of their ancient rights ("jure aequo foederis sibi confirmato," Gruter, Inscr. p. 266. 1 ; OrelL Inter, 920> A question has indeed been raised, whether the Camertes of Livy and Cicero are the same people with the inhabitante of Camerinum, who, as we learn from the above inscription and others also found at CamermOf were certainly called Camertes. The doubt has been principally founded on a passage of Strabo (v. p. 227), in which, according to the old editions, that writer appeared to distinguish Came- rinum and Camerte as two different towns; but it appears that Kaiutptpov is certainly an interpolatiim; and the city he caUs Camerte, which he expressly places " on the very frontiers of Picenum," can cer- tunly be no other than the Camerinum of the Ro- mans. (See Kramer and Groskurd, ad loc; and compare Du Theil's note at vol. ii. p. 60 of the French translation of Strabo.) Pliny also, who inserte the Camertes among the ^* populi ** of Umbria, makes no other mention of Camerinum (iii. 14. s. 19). There can therefore be no doubt that at this period the Camertes and the people of Camerinum were the same; but it certainly seems probable that at an earher epoch the name was used in a more exten- sive sense, and that the tribe of the Camertes was at one time more widely spread in Umbria. We know that the Etruscan city of Clusium was origi- nally called Camera or Camars, and it is a plausible conjecture of Lepsius that this was its Umbrian name. {Tyrrhener Felatgery'p.SS.) It is remark- able that Polybins speaks of the battie between the Romans and the Gauls in b.c. 296, as fought in the territory of the Camertes {if rg Kofitprlwy x^P^j ii. 19), while the same battle is placed by Livy at Chttium (x. 26). Again, the narrative of Livy (ix. 36) would seem to imply that the Camertes there nieiitioned were not very remote from the Ciminian forest, and were the first Uiubrian people to which the envoys came. Even Cicero speaks of the " ager Camers " in common with Picenum and Gaul ((lallia Togata) {pro Stdl. 19) in a n^anncr that Can hardly bo