Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/505

 CAUABIHA. ittadcd; iMnrthcleai, when DioDj'iIiu had liuled in ■Tertiug ^ Ml cf Gek, and tha iahalnlanta of that cilj w«re compelled to ibandoD it to its tite, the CunuinaKwu wm induced or coaitninad to follow thdr example ; and iha whole popolatioD, hkb, women, and children, quilled tb»r homei, and ef- fected tbiur retreat to Sjneiue, fnm whence they aftenrarda vitbdrew to LeonUni. (Diod. liii. lOS, 111, 113; XtB-BtU. ii. a 5 6.) Bj the treaty omcluded toco after betneen Dionjiius and the Carthaf^niaiu, the eiliHOB of CamariDa, a* well aa thoae gf GeU and Agri^ntam, were allowed to m- tnm to their homes, and coatinilfl to inhabit thur DBlin dtiei, huE aa tributariea to CaRhage, and [mhiblted fiom reetoring theiT fortificaticoa. (Diod. >iii. 114.) OF thia penmsuon it la inbahle that many availed Ihemsdvea ; and a few jeara later we find CamaiiDa eagerly fumiehing her coatm^nt to Mpport DioDyaius in bis war with the Cartha- giniana. (Id. iit. 47.} With this eic«pCioD, we bear nothing of her during Ihe nign of that deeput j but there u littie doubt Ihat the CamaiiDaanH were ■abject to hia rule. After the death of the eldei DioDjiius, however, thny readily jmiiBd in llie enter- prise of Dion, and Bap(»rted him with an auxiliary forca in hia march upon Syrucoae. (Id. ivi. 9.) After Timoleoo had restored the whole of the east- em half of Sicily to it« liberty, Camarina was re- cniiled with a freah body of eetlleis, and appean to hare Tecorered a cert«n degree of proaperity. (Id. iri. e& 8S.) fiat it lufTtifd again geverely duiing the Ham between Aj^atliwlea and the Cnrthaglniann, and was anbuaquenlly talien and plundered by the UamertiDH. (Id. lii. 110, xi. 32, xxiii. 1.) During the Finl Panic War, Camarina eariy eapouaed the Roman caote; and though in a.r- 2SS it was betrayed into the hands of the Carthaj^nian general Hamiloir, it was quiclily recorend by (be Boman consuls A. Atiliua and C. Sulpicina, who, to punish tha ciUuns fur tli^r defection, sold a luge part of them aa slaves. (Diod. ziili. 9; Polyb. i. 24.) A few yean laler, B.C. 255, the uoaat near Cainarina was the scene of one of the greatest dis- aslen wiuch betel the Romana daring Che war, in the ehipwreck of Iheir whole fleet by a violent tem- pest; so complete waa its destiuetian, that out of 964 ships only SO escaped, aiid ilie wbole coast frvm Cainarina to Cape Pachynum waa strewed with fragments of the wrecks. (I'ulyb i. 37; Diod. xxiii. IB.) This is the laat notice of Camarina to be found in bi*Ufy. Under the Bianan dominion it seems lo have sunk into a very inugnilirant place, and its name ia not once fuood in the Verrine ora- tieaa of Cicero. Strabo also speaks of it as one of the citiea of Sicily ef which in his lime liltle more lhanlhevealigesremained(ii. p.27a); hutwelearn from Pliny and Ptotemy that it still continued to exist as late as the 2Dd century of the ChriBlian era. (I'lin. iii. 8. a. 14; Ptol. iii. 4. § IS.) From thia period ail trace of it diaappeurs: it was never rebuilt in the middle ages, and the ute ia now peifeelly desolate, though a watch-tower '' CAMATULLIOL 4S7 « of Ton extant, it is evident that Uippants Clwwafni) of Pindar (Oi. v. 27), which he describes aa flowing past the town, and supplying tha inhabitant! with water by maang of artificial eanab or aqneducls. It is a oopDua itieani of clear water, having its principtl source in a large fbnntun at a place called ComM, supposed by some writers Pons Dianaa of Sotions, which he places irina. (Solio. S. § !6.) ITiere b, liow- ever, another remarkable fountain at a [riaee called Faeara, near the town of Sanla Crocs, which haa, perhaps, equal claim to thia distinction. (Paiell. V. 1. p. 225; Cluver. Sicii. p. ISl; Uoare, Ctaa. Tour, vol. iL pp. 261—263.) The Fratcolari is probably the Oanis ('Awir), known to as only from the aame [nsaaKe of Pindar. Mure celebialad than either of these streams was the Lake of Camarina ((ailed by Pindar, (. c, iyx>v'" *<»"t|>'( Palm Camarina, Claodian), which iirunediMely adjoined the walla rf the city on the N. It was a mere inarahy po^, farmed by the stagnatloa of the Hip- pans near its month, and had the eSect of rendering told that the inbabltanla were desirous to drain it, but, having consulted the oracle at Delphi, were recommended lo let it alone. They [levcrthelese exe- cuted their project; but by so doing laid open their walls to attack on that side, so Ibat their enemin soon atler availed themselves of its weakneas, and captured the city. The period to which Ibis trans- action is to t)e refi^rred is unknown, arid the whole story very apocryphal; but the answer of the oiacle. Ml) IciVii Ka/uipiriir inlngrot yip ifulrar, paased^Vvc i into a praveibial saying among the Greeks. (Virg.j^fCc' JO .Jnt.iii.700; Sen.adloc; Suid. «. e. Mt( kI«i K. | ' Sleali- B. 1. V. Kd^df im ; SI. Ilal. liv. 198.) The remains alill extant of Camarilla are very ix^ inconsiderable : they consist of scattered portions rf ^ :•.' the ancient walls, and (ha vesligea of a temple, now A^m converted into a church; but the site rf the ancient ?,,^,,_. city is distinctly marked, and Ihs remains tj its port ' s'i^, and other fngmenis of buildings on the shore were still visible in the 17th century, though now tor tha most part hnried in sand. (Hmre, I. c. p. 260r Faieil. V. a J Claver. Sicit p. 192 ; Amico, Ltx. Topogr. Sfcil vol. i. p. 147.) The cdna of Camarina are nomerons : they belong iat llie most part to the flourishing peridd of its existence, B.C. 460 — 405. Some of them have the head of the river-god Hipparis, ra( rith hon Others (as exed) have the bead of Hercules, and a quadri^ rse, probably in commemoration of some le chariot race at the Olympic games. IK. H. B.] CAMATULLICI. Tbe"repoCainatallicwam" is mentioned by Pliny (iii. 4) between Portna Cilha- rista and the 8aelteri. The p«itIon mnat be on or near the coast, east of MantUle, It is supposed by Uardnin (note on the paasage of Pliny) that a^placa called AoDuiCwCe, near the oiaat, soulh of the Gulf of (tfinuitu^ represents the ancient name; and D'An- viUe and others adopt this opinion. [Q. L]