Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/503

. CALYDON. river and the Achdoas.* Leake supposes the rnkis which he ducovered at Kuri-agd^ a little to the £. of the £venn8, to be those of CaljdoH. They are distant a ride of 1 hour and 35 minates from Afe- Mohnffhiy and are situated on> one of the laet slopes of Ml Aracynthos at the- entrance of the vale^ of the £veanfi^ where that river issnes from the- in^ tenor valleys, into the maritime plain. They do. not stand oa any oommanding height, as the Homeric epithets ahoioa mentioned would lead us to suppose, and it is perhaps for this reason that Stmbo sup^ poses these epithets to- apply to the surrounding oountiy. The remains of the walls are traceable in their whde- circuit of near two miles and a half; and outside the walls Leake discovered some ruins, which may have been the peribolus of the temple oit Artemis Laphria. (Leake, N^rUum GreeoOy voi iii. pw 533) seq.) CA'LYDON or GA'LIDON, a place m Gallia, mentioned by Ammianus Maroellinus (xzvii. 1). IVAnviUe was not able to assign its position. Hadrian Yalesui8,.who changed the- reading of the MSS. to Cabilona, takes the place to be Chdio»-«m*-Sa^ f but there is no MS. authority for this alteration. The.nanative of Ammianus does not help us in de- termining the position. Walckenaer (^Geog, vol. i. pt. 5 1.6),. relying on. the resemblance of name which he finds in the forest of Cakbioveny in the French depaitment of the MoselUj in the airondissement of ThionmUef places Calydon near the forest, and at ThioHviU&f or, as he adds, rather at 3000 feet distant from Hhionviikj at TeiU», on the right bank of the Hosel, whera many medals have been found; but he does not say what kind of medals. [6. L.] GALYMNA (KciAvfuw, KaX^fum Eih, Ka- ^/ufios: KaUnmo}, an ishuid off the coast of Caria between Leros and Cos. It appears to have been the principal island of the group which ^(»ner calls Calydnae (r^oi KcUvSrau, /I il 677); th^ other iahuids were probably Leros, Telendos, Hypseremos (Hjrpserelsma) and Plate. (GompLStrab. x. p. 489.)^ Galymna is the correct orthography, since we find it thus written on coins and inscriptions. (Bockh, I/ucr. No. 267 1 .) This fonn also occurs in Sc^laz, . Strabo, Grid, Suidas, and the Etymologicum Mag- num; but out of respect for Homer, whose authority was deemed paramount, most of the ancient writers «aU the island Galydna, and some were even led into, the error of making two difierent islands, Gar lydna^ and Galymna. (Plin. iv. 12. s. 23 ; Steph.. The island was originally inhabited by Carians, and was afterwards colonised by Thessalian A^olians or Dorians under Heraclid leaders. It also received an. additional colony of Argives, who are said to have been shipwrecked on the island after the Trojan war. (Died. v. 54 ; Horn. IL iL 675.) At the time of the Persian war it was subject to Arte- misia of Halicamassus, liogether with the neigh- •bouring islands of Cos and Nisyrus. (Herod. ▼iL 99.) Galymna is an island of some size, and oontains at present 7000 inhabitants. A full, account of it, together with a map, is given by Ross ia the work cited below. The description of Ovid {de. Art. Am. which Plenron and Galydon are both described as £. of the Evenus, does not agree with his previous descriptioo, and cannot have been written as it now ptands. (See Knuner's note.) CALYNDA. 485 >^V i. SI) — "w1t» umbrosa Gulymne" — does not -^^ apply to the p-esent condition of the island, and was ,,^ probably equally inapplicable iff antiquity; sitice the j^ island is mountainous and bare. If jM^uces figs, ^t wine, barley, oil, and excellent honey; for the lattei* sT it was also celebrated in antiquity. (" Fecundaque ^ mello Galymne," Ov. Met. viii. 222; Strab. I. c.) «^ With respect to the ancient towns, Pliny in ode ^ passage (iv. 12» s. 23) mentions only one town,>^ Goos; but in another (v. 31. s. 36) he mentioiSs'^ three, Notium, Nisyrus, Mendeterus. The prirt- ^^ oipal ancient remains are found in the valley abote the harbour Ztndtta on the western side of tiler island; but Ross found no inscriptions recording the" name of the town. The chief ruins are those of a f great cbureh rod Xpitrrov rijt *Upova-ahfJ^j built f upon the site of an ancient temple of Apollo, of^ which there are still remains? Stephanus («. v. KivJiva) speaks of Apollo Galydneus. South of the town there is a plain still called Argoe, » in the islandl of Gasus. [Gasus.] (Robs, Reiten auf^ckn Grik^ ckischen Irudny vol. ii. p. 92, seq., vol. iii. p. 139.)* GALYNDA {KdKvvla : Eth. KoXwdf^f ), a town> qS Garia, according to Stephanus, is placed by Strabo 60 stadia from the sea (p^ 561), west of the Gulf of Glaucus, and east of Gaunus. The MSS. of Strabo appear to have Galymna, which, however, is an error of the copyists. It appears,, from- a passage in He^ rodotus (i. 172)) thattthe temtory of Caunus hatm dered on that of Gtfl^da. Damasithymus- (Herod.- viii. &7), king of G^lynda, was at the betttro^ SaUo- mis with some ships on the side of Xerses; fh>mr which we may conolude that Galynda was near the coast, or had some sei^-port. Galynda was afterwards, as it appears firom Pplybius (xxzi. 17), subject to Gaunus ; but having revolted from Gaunus, it placed itself under the protectiqii of the Rhodians. Fellows supposes Galy^a to be under anmge.o^" mountains near the sea, between two r^ges of-.rocks;. " many large squared stones lie- ici. hqap&doi^ the slope facing the east, and the vaMey is guarded by walls of a very early date of Greek workmanship." He concludes, from the style of the tombs, that, the city was in. Lycia. The place is near the gulJF of Glaucus or MaJfii, and east of the river Talama/rkz -m. l^e. remains whioh he saw are assigned to. Daedala by Hpshyn. ($pratt-s Zycta, voL i. p. 42.) But Fellows discovered a city which is proved by inscriptions to be Gadyaxida, a name otherwise un- known to, us. It lies NNE: of Makri, on the Gulf of Glaucus or Makri, at a place called Hoozoomleef situated on an elevated phun, immedi^ely above which are. the ruins of Gadyanda. There are many rock tombs and sculptures, one of which is repre- sented in the frontispiece to Fellows' LyciOf "The ruins of the city are seated on the level summit of |i high mountain; a great street, bordered with ten>- ples and public buildings, runs down the centre.** (Spratt's Lyckt.) Hoskyn, who discovered Gaunus, looked in vain for ruins between that place and Gady- anda. Accordingly it fi suggested that the moun- tains of Hoozo speaks of the "* Galyndian frontiere'* (offfwv T«i* KaKvy^iKmif). Between ffoozoonUee and Mctkriy a distance of abo>ut 9 miles, there are na ruins ; *' but in the centre of the plain of Makri there is a burial ground, where some large inscribed blocks, apparently the remains of a building which stood aiv II 3
 * The passage in Stmbo (p. 459, snb fin.), m