Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/494

 476 CALAGURRIS. ^ one community with Osca (B, C. i. 60: Calaguri- tani, qui crant cam Oiiceusibus contributi), and must be looked for near Osca, in all probability at LoarrSf NW. of ffuesca; but several writers take Loarre for Cala^rris Nassica and Calahorra for the other. (See Ukert, vol. ii. pt 1, p. 447.) Whichever way the question of name be decided, there still remains some doubt whether the city N. of the Ebro (^Loarre), ought not to be regarded, on account of its close connection with Osca, as the one so renowned in the Sertorian War. A simiUr doubt affects the numerous coins which betir the name of Caiagurris; but the best numismatists regard them as belonging all to Calagurris Nas^ica. They are all of the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, and the various epigraphs give the city the surnames, some- times of Nassica, sometimes of Julia, and testify to its having been a municipium. (FUirez, Afed, de E»p. vol. i. p. 255, vol. iii. p. 22 ; Mionnet, vol. i. p. 34, Suppl. vol. i. p. 67 ; Sestini, Afed. lap. p. 1 19 ; Eckhel, vol. i. pp. 39 — 41 ; Rasche, ». r.) The fa- vour it enjoyed under Augustus is shown by the &ct that he had a body-guard of its people (Suet. Octav, 49). Calagurris {Calahorra, in this case, without doubt) is celebrated in literary history as the birth- place of the rhetorician Qiiinctilian, and, according to some, of the iir^t Ciiristian poet, Prudeutius, whom others make a native of Caesaraugusta. (Auson. cfe Prof. i. 7; Prudent. Hymn. iv. 31, Pe- rusteph.i. 117). [P. S.] CALAGUlililS, a place in A'^uitania, ou the road between Lugdunum Conveuarum and Tulosa, accord- ing to the Antonine Itin. It in marked 26 M. P. from Lugdunum. D'Anville fixes it at Cazeres^ others at S. Afartorris, botii of them on the left bank of the Garonne^ in the department of IJaute- Garonne, The distance from Lugdunum {St. Ber- trand de Comminges) must be meusui-ed along the Garonne. The places between Calagurris and To- lotia, namely A:}uac Siccae and Vemosole, seem to be identified by their nam&s, and Calagurris ought not to be doubtful. Cazeres and S. Mar (orris are not far distant from one another, and mosaic pave* ments and other remains are said to have been found at one or both. [G. L.] CALAMA (t& KoAo/ia, Arrian, Ind, 26), a small place on the coast of Gedrosia, which was visited by Nearchus and his fleet. The modem name appears to be ChurmuL In an old Portuguese map the place is called Rio de la Kalametay which seems, as Vincent has suggested, to be intermediate between the ancient form Kalama and the more modern CkurmtU, (Vincent, Voyage of Nearchus, vol. L p. 239.) [V.] CALAMAE (KaA(£fiai), a village of Messenia near Limiiae, and at no great di»tance from the frontiers of Laconia, is repivseuted by the modern village of Kalumi, at the distance of three-quarters of an hour NW. of Kalamdta: the latter is the site of the ancient Therae, and must not be confounded with Kaldmi. (Pans. iv. 31. § 3; Pol. v. 92; Leake, Mofea, vol. i. p. 362, Peloponnesiaca^ p. 183; Bo- llaye, Reckerchea, p. 105; Koss, JieUen tin Pelo- ponnes, p. 2.) CALAMl'XAE. Pliny (ii. 95, and Harduin's Note) mentions among floating ii>land.s some called Calaminaein Lydia. See Groskurd's Notc(rra;w/. ofStrabo, vol. ii. p. 624). [G. L.] CALAMUS (KttAa^ios), a town of I'hoenicia, mentioned by Pliny (v. 17) as following Trieris. CALATIA. Po1}4)iu;^ (v. 68)' speaks of it being burnt down by- Antiochus. [E. B. J.] CALAMYDE, a city of Crete, of which the Coast- describer {Geogr. Graec. Mm, vol. ii. p. 496), who alone has recorded the name of the place, says that it was to the W. of Lissus and 30 stadia from Criu- Metopon. Mr. Pashley {Trav. vol. ii. p. 124) has fixed the site on the summit of the ridge between the vallies Kontokyneghi and Kdnlanos: on the W. and SW. sides of the city the walls may be traced for 300 or 400 paces; on the E. they extend about 100 paces; while on the S. the ridge narrows, and the wall, adapting itself to the natural features of the hill, has not a length of more than 20 paces. This wall is composed of polygonal stones, which have not been touched by the chisel. [E. B. J.J CALARNA. [Aknae-] CALASARNA (KaA.d<fapya), a town in the in- terior of Lucania, mentioned only by Strabo (vi. p. 254), who affords no clue to its position. It has been placed by Italian topographers in Bruttium (Romanelli, vol. i. p. 215); but Strabo, who mentions it together with Gkumentum and Vertmae (the latter of which is equally unknown), assigns them all three to Lucania. [E. U. B.] CALAl'HA'NA, a town of Thessaly in the dis- trict Thessalioti •, of uncertain site. (Liv.xzxii. 13.) CALATHIUS MONS. TMessknia.] CALA'TIA {KoKaria: Eth. Calatiuus), was the name of two cities on the confines of Samuiimi and Campania, which, from their proximity, liave often been confounded with one another. Indeed, it is not always possible to tell to which of the two some passages of ancient writere refer. 1. A city of Samnium, in the valley of the Vultumus, the site of which is retained by the modern Caiazzo^ a small town on a hill, about a mile N. of that river, and 10 miles NE. of Capua. This is certainly the town meant by Livy, when he speaks of Hannibal as de- scending from Samnium into Campania " per Alii- fanum Ca/a^'num^i^e et Calenum agrum" (xxii. 13), and again in another passage (xxiii. 14) he describes Marcellus as marching from Casilinum to Calatia, and thence crossing the Vultumus, and proceeding by SaticuU and Suessula to Nula. Here also the Samnite Calatia, north of the Vultumus, must be the one intended. At an earlier period we find it repeatedly noticed during the wars of the Romans with the Samnites, and always in connection with places in or near the valley of the Vultumus. Thus, in b. c. 305, Calatia and Sora were taken by the latter (Li v. ix. 43); seven years before we are told that Atina and Calatia were taken by the consul C. Junius Bubulcus (Id. ix 28) : and there can be httle doubt that the Calatia, where the Roman legions were encamped previous to the disaster of the Caudine Forks (Id. ix. 2), was also the Samnite and not the Campanian city. [Cait- DiUM.] But after the Second Punic War we find no notice in history, which appears to refer to it, and it probably declined, like mo^t of the Samnite lowns, after the time of Sulla. Inscriptions, however, still prcaerved at Caiazzo, attest its existence as a con- siderable municipal town under the Roman Empire: and a portion of the ancient walls, of a very massive ttylc of constmction, is still visible. (lionianelli, vol. ii. p. 430— 434; Maffei, 3fw. Veron. p. 354; Oi'ell. Inscr, 140.) In one of these inscriptions we find the name written " Mun. Caiat : " and the same Ibmi occurs on coins which have the legend CAIATINO.