Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/484

 466 CAENO, priesthood, which subsisted down to a late period, so that we find the " Sacerdotium Caeninense " men- tioned in inscriptions of Imperial date. (Orell. Inscr. 2 1 80, 2 1 8 1, and others there cited.) Pliny enume< rates Caenina among the celebrated towns {clara oppidd) of Latium which had in his time com- pletely disappeared : thos confirming the testimony of Dionysius to its Latin origin. Diodorus also reckons it one of the colonies of Alba, supposed to be founded by Latinos Silvius. (Diod. vii. ap. Euteb, Arm, p. 185.) Plutarch, on the contrary, and Stephanas of Byzantiimi, call it a Sabine town. (Phit. /. c; Steph. B. a, v.) It is probable that it was in fact one of the t4)wn8 of Latium bordering on the Sabines; and this is all that we know of its situation. Nibby supposes it to have occupied a hill 10 miles from Rome, on the banks of a stream called the Magugliano^ and 2 miles SK. of Monte Gentile^ which is a plausible conjecture, but nothing more. (Nibby, Dintomi di liomay vol. i. pp. 332 — 335; Abeken, Mittd-Italien, p. 79.) [K. H. B.] CAKNO {Yiaiv^, Diod. v. 76), a city of Crete, which, according to the legend of the purification of Apollo by Carmanor at Tarrha, is supposed to have existed in the neighbourhood of that place and Ely- rus. (Comp. Pans.) The Cretan goddess Brito- martis was the daus:hter of Zeus and Carma, grand- daughter of Carmanor, and was said to have been bom at Caeno. (Diod. /. c.) Mr. Pashley {Trav. Tol. ii. p. 270) fixes the site cither on the so-called refuge of the Hellenes, or near Ilughios NikolaoSj and supposes that Mt. Carma, mentioned by Pliny (xxi. 14), was in the neighbourhood of this town. (Comp. Hoeck, Kreta, vol. i. p. 392.) •> [E. B. J.] CAENUS. [CAENICENSK3.] CAENYS (ij Ka2yvs)y a promontory on the coast of Bruttium, which is described by Strabo as near the Scylkean rock, and the extreme point of Italy opposite to the Peloriau promontory in Sicily, the Strait of Messana lying between the two. (Strab. vi. p. 257.) There can be little doubt that the point thus designated is that now called the Pimta del Pezzo, which is the marked angle from whence the coast trends abruptly to the southward, and is the only point that can be properly called a head- land. (Cluver. Ital. p. 1294 ; D'Anville, AnaL Geogr. de Vltalie^ p. 259.) Some writers, however, contend that the Torre del CavaUo must be the point meant by Strabo, because it is that most im- mediately opposite to the headland of Pelorias, and where the strait is really the narrowest (Holsten. Not, in Cluv. p. 301 ; Romanelli, vol. i. p. 81 .) This last fact is, however, doubtful, and at all evenls might be easily mistaken. Strabo reckons the breadth of the strait in its narrowest part at a little more than six stadia: while Pliny calls the interval be- tween the two promontories, Caenys in Italy, and Pelorus in Sicily, 12 stadia; a statement which ac- cords with that of Polybius. (Strab. /. c. ; Plin. iii. 5. s. 10; Pol. i. 42.) All these statements are much below the truth ; the real distance, as measured trigonometrically by Capt. Smyth, is not less than 3,971 yards from the /Vinte del Pezzo to the vil- lage of Ganziri immediately opposite to it on the Sicilian coast. (Sm>^h's Sicily ^ p. 108.) Hence the statement of Thucydides (vi. 1), who esti- mates the breadth of the strait at its narrowest point at 20 stadia (4,047 yards), is surprisingly ac- curate. [E. H. B.] CAEPIO'NIS TURRIS or MONUMENTUM (KcuiTMyos m'pyoi: Cipiona)^ a great lighthouse, CAERE. built on a rock surrounded by the sea, on the S. side of the river Bactis (Guadalqtuvir') in Hispania Baetica (Strab. iii. p. 140; Mela, iii. 1, where some read GeryonU, and identify the tower with the Ge- rontis or Geryonis arx of Avienas, Ora Marit. 263, see Wemsdorf, ad loc.) Most commentators derive the name from Servilius Caepio, the conqueror of Lusitania; but others, ascribing to the lighthouse a Phoenician origin, regard the name as a corruption of Cap Eon, i. e. Bock of the Sun. (Ford, IJand- book of Spain, p. 20.) [P. S.] CAERA'TUS (Ko/poToj : Kartero), a river of Crete, which flows past Cnossus, whidi city was once known by the same name as the river. (Strab. X. p. 476; Eustath. ad Dumya, Perieg, v. 498; Hesych.; Virg.Cirw, 113, flumina Caeratca ; oomp. Pashley. Trav, vol. i. p. 263.) [E. B. J.] CAERE (Korpe,Ptol.; Kax/>ea, Strab. ; Ko/pijTa, Dionys. : Eth. Kcupcroy^s, Caeretanus, hut the people are usually called Caerites), called by the Greeks Aoylla (^kyv}<Ka: Eth, 'ATwAAoibs), an ancient and powerful city of Southern Ktruria, situated a few miles from the coast of the Tyr- rhenian Sea, on a small stream now called the Vac- cina, anciently known as the ** Caeretanus amnis." (Plin. iii. 5. s. 8; Caeritis amnis, Virg. Aen. viii. 59.) Its territory bordered on that of Vcii on the E. and of Tarquinii on the N. ; the city itself was about 27 milea distant from Rome. Ita site is still marked by the village of CervetrL All ancient writers agree in ascribing the foundation of this city to the Pelasgians, by whom it was named Agylla, the appellation by which it continued to be kno%-n to the Greeks down to a late period. Both Strabo and Dionysius derive these Pelasgians from Thettsaly, according to a view of the migration of the Pelasgic races, very generally adopted among the Greeks. The same authorities assert distinctly that it was not till its conquest by the TyiThenians (whom Strabo calls Lydians), that it obtained the name of Caere: which was derived, according to the legend related by Strabo from the Greek word x'wp** ^i^'^ which the hihabitante saluted the invaders. (Strab. V. p. 220; Dionys. i. 20., iii. 68; Serv. ad Aen, viii. 597 ; Plin. iii. 5. s. 8.) We have here the clearest evidence of the two elements of which the population of Etruria was composed ; and there seems no reason to doubt the historical foundation of the fact, that Caere was originally a Pelasgic or Tyrrhenian city, and was afterwards conquered by the Etruscans or Tuscans (called as usual by the Greeks Tyrrhenians) from the north. The existence of its double name is in itself a strong confirmation of this fact; and the circumstance that Agylhi, like Spina on the Adriatic, had a treasury of its own at Delphi, is an additional proof of its Pehisgic origin (Strab. I. c). The period at which Caere fell into the hands of the Etruscans cannot be determined with any ap- proach to certainty. Niebuhr has inferred from the narrative of Herodotus that the Agyllacans were still an independent Pelx'^gic people, and had not yet been conquered by the Etruscans, at the time when they waged war with the Ph<vaeans of Alalia, about n. c. 535. But it seems difficult to reconcile tliis with other notices of Etruscan history, or refer the con(|uest to so lute a pericMl. It is probable that Agylla retained much of its Pelasgic habits and connexions long after that event; and the use of the Pelasgic name Agylla proves nothing, as it continued to be exclusively employed by