Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/476

 458 BURGINATroM. Of the two great entrances at each extremity of the ellipse, the western entrance alone remains, and it is still complete (1842). This noble edifice has been greatly damaged at different times, and is now in a deplorable condition. (Notice in the Gwde du Voy- ageWf par Richard et Hocquart, from M. de Can- mont.) Another Roman edifice, probably a temple, existed Idll the time of Louis XIV., when it was de- molished. [G. L.] BURGINA'TIUM is placed by the Table and the Antonine Itin. between Colonia Trajana and Arenatio, or Uarenacio, 6 M. P. firom Arenatio, and 5 from Colonia. It is generally agreed that this place is represented by SchcnkenschanZj at the point of the bihircation of the Rhine and WcmI in the present kingdom of the Netherlands. But some geographers assign other positions to Burginatium. [G. L.] ^ BUBGUNDI(yNES, BURGUNDII (Bowf>yoi/y8i- wvff, Bovpryow9otf Bovpyluyts, ^povyom^i&reSf Oitpovyovyhoi)^ are mentioned first by Pliny (ir. 28) as a branch oi the Vandals, along with the Varini, Carini, and Guttones. This drcnmstance proves that they belonged to the Gothic stock; a fact which is also recognised by Zosimus (i. 27, 68), Agathias (i. 3, p. 19, ed. Bonn), and Mamertinus (Pane^. u. 17). But this yiew is in direct contradiction to the statement of Ammianns Marcellinus (zviii. 5), who declares them to be descendants of ancient Roman settlers, and of Orosius, who relates that Drusus, after subduing the interior of Germany, established them in different camps; that they grew together into a great nation, and received their name irMn the fact that they inhabited numerous townships, called btargL The difiiculty arising fnxn these statements is increaaed by the different ways in which the name is written, it becoming a question whether all the names given at the head of this article belong to one or to different peoples. Thus much, at any rate, seems beyond a doubt, that a branch of the Vandal or Gothic race bore the name of Burgtmdians. In like manner, it is more than probable, that the Bn* guntes mentioned by Ptolemy (ii. 11. §§ 15. 18) as occupying the country between the Vistula and Viadus are the same as the Bui^ndionee. That they dwelt on and about the Vistula is clear also from the statement, thatFastida, king of the Gepidae about the Carpathians, almost destroyed the Bur- gundiones. (Jomand. Be Reb. Goth, 17; comp. Mamert Paneg. ii. 17 ; Zosim. i. 68.) It is accord- ingly a fact beyond all doubt, that the Burgundians were a Gothic people dwelling in the oountiy between the Viadus and the Vistula. But besides these north-eastern Burgundians, others occur in the west as neighbours of the Ale- manni, without its being possible to say what con- nation existed between them; for history affords no information as to how they came into the south-west of Germany, where we find them in a. d. 289. (Mamert Paneg. i. 5.) At that time they seem to have occupied the country about the Upper Maine, and were stirred up by the emperor Valentinian against the Alemanni, with whom th^ were often at war. (Amm. Marc, xxviii. 5 ; comp. xviii. 2.) An army of 80,000 Burgundians then appeared on the Rhine, but without producing any permanent results, for they did not obtain any settlements there until the time of Stilico, in consequence of the great commotion of the Vandals, Alani, and Suevi against Gaul. (Ores. vii. 32.) In the year 412, Jovinus was proclaimed emperor at Mayence, partly through the influence of the Burgundian Idng Gunthahar. BUSIRIS The year after this they crossed over to the western bank of the Rhine, where for a time their further progress was checked by Aetius. (Sidon. Apollin. Carm. vii. 233.) But notwithstanding many and bloody defeats, in one of which their king Gunthahar was slain, the Burgundians advanced into Gaul, and soon adopted Christianity. (Ores. L c. ; Socrates, vii. 30.) They established themselves about the western slope of the Alps, and founded a powerful kingdom. Although hilBtory leaves us in the dark as to the manner in which the Burgundians came to be in the south-west of Germany, yet one of two things must have been the case, eithm' they had migrated thither from the east, or else the name, being an appellative, was given to two different German peoples, from the circumstance of their living in bui^ or bui^hs. (Comp. Zeuss, Die Deutschen «. d. Nachbar Stdmme, p. 443, foil.; V. Wersebe, Volker «. VoikerbUnd. p. 256, ^U. ; Latham, on TacU. Germ. Epil^. p. Iv. foil.) [L. S.] r* BUT^II or BURI (Bovpoi, BoiV^i), a German people, which is first mentioned by Tacitus {Germ. 43) in connection with the Marsigni, Gothini, and as dwelling beyond the Marcomanni and Quadi. (PtoL ii. 11. § 20; Dion Cass. Ixviii. 8; Jul. Capitol. Ant. PhUoa. 22.) We must therefore suppose that the Burii dwelt to the north-east of the Marcomanni and Quadi, where they seem to hare extended as far as the Vistula. In the war of Trajan against the Da- cians, the Burii were his allies (Dion Cass. Ixviii. 8); in the time of M. Aurelius, they likewise sided with the Romans, while they are said to have been con- stantly at war with the Quadi (Ixxi. 18). In the peace concluded by Commodus with the Marcomanni and Quadi, the Burii are expressly mentioned as friends of the Romans (IxxiL 2). But this friendly relation between th«n and the Romans was not with- out interruptions (Ixxii. 3; Jul. Capit. I. c). Pto- lemy, who calls them Aovytoi BoSpei, seons to con- sider them as a branch of the Lygian race, while Tacitus regards them as a branch of the Suevi. (Zeuss, Die Deuttchen tc d. Nadibarstanvme^ pp. 126, 458; Wilhehn, Germanim, p. 246.) [L. S.] BURNUM, a town of Liburnia in Illyricum, of uncertain site. (Plin. iii. 21. s. 26; Tab. PeuL) BURSAO, BURSAVOLENSES. [Autrigo- ITES.] BURUNCUS, a station on the left bank <^ the Rhine, between Cologne and Novesium {Neuasy. The first place on the road to Novesium from Calogney in the Antonine Itin. is Domomagus, then Buruncus, and then Novesium. But D'Anville ingeniously attempts to show that Dumomagus and Buruncus should change places in the old road book, and thus Buruncus may be at Woringm or near it. Some of these obscure positions not worth the trouble of inquiry, especially when we observe that three critics differ from D^Anville, and each differs from the other as to the site of Buruncus. [G. L.] BUSAE. [BuDii.] BUSrRIS(Bo^(ripis,Herod. i.59,61,165;Strab. xvii. p. 802; Pint. h. et 0sir.30; Ptol. iv. 5. § 51 ; Plin. V. 9. «. 1 1 : Hierocl. p. 725 ; Steph. B. s. v. : £th. Bowrtpirns^f the modem Btugr or Ahousir, of which considerable ruins are still extant, was the chief town of the nome Busirites. in Egypt, and stood S. of Sais, near the Phatnitic mouth and on the western bank of the Nile. The town and nome of Busiris were allotted to the Hermotybian division of the Egyptian militia. It was n^arded as one of the birthplaces of Osiris, as perhaps, etymologically, -' // / OTi'C^ / -J- l^^^t ^ rv^i ^£'