Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/475

 BUPHAGUS. bj Leake at Papadhaf and by Boblaye, near Zvla- SarakinL (Pan*, viii. 26. S 8, 27. § 17, ▼. 7. § 1 ; Leake, Aforea, vol. ii. pp. 67, 92, Pelopannenacaf p. 2.33; Boblaye, BeehercheSj p. 161.) BUPHAGUS. [BuPHAoiUM.] BUTHIA (Bowpia: £th. Bov^ifi/s), a yilla^e in ScyoniA, mentioned bj Stephanos («. v.) is probably the same pkce as Phoebia (^i€ia), a fortress taken by Epaminondas in his nuurch frnn Nemea to Mantineia. (Pans. iz. 1.5. § 4.) Stephanns ap- pears to have made a mistake in naming Bnphia and Phoebia as separate places. Boas supposes the re- mains of a fortress on a sommit of Mt. Tricarannm, about two miles north-eastward of the ruins of Phi- lius, to be those of Buphia or Phoebia; bat Leake maintains that they represent Tricarana, a fortress mentioned by Xenophon. (Ross, Reiten tm Pelo- potme9j p 40; Leake, Peloponnesiaeay p. 401.) BUPHRAS. [Messenia.] BUPOBTUMUS (fio^oftSftos), a lofty promon- tory of AigoUs, running out into the sea near Her- micme. On it was a temple of Demeier and her dauehter, and another of Athena Promachorma. The name Buporthmns, Leake observes, seems clearly to point to Gape Mus&ki and the narrow passage be- tween it and the ishind Dhoko. (Pans. iL 34. § 8 ; Leake, Pdopoimesiacaj p. 284 ; Boblaye, Recherchea^ p. 60.) BUPRA'SIUM (^wwpdfftovi Eth, Boinrpmric^r, Bovirpdtnos a town of £Iis, and the ancient capital of the Epeii, frequently mentimied by Homer, was situated near the left bank of the Larissus, and con- sequently upon the confines of Achaia. The town was no longer extant in the time of Strabo, but its name was still attached to a district on the left bank of the Larissus, which appears from Stephanus to liave borne also the name of Bnprasius. (Hom. IL ii. 615, xi. 755, xxlii. 631 ; Strab. viii. pp. 340, 345, 349, 352, 357, 387; Steph. B. «. o.) BURA (Boifpa : £th. BovpoTof, Boi^pios). a town of Achaia, and one of the 12 Achaean cities, situated on a height 40 stadia from the sea, and SE. of Helice. It is said to have derived its name from Bura, a daugh- ter of Ion and HeHoe. Its name occurs in a line of Aeschylus, preserved by Strabo. It was swallowed np by the earthquake, which destroyed Helice, b. c. 373 [Heucb], and all its inhabitants perished ex- cept those who were absent from the town at the time. On their return they rebuilt the city, which was vinted by Pausanias, who mentions its temples of Demeter, Aphrodite, Eileithyia and Isis. Strabo relates that there was a fountain at Bura called Sy- baris, from which the river in Italy derived its name. On the revival of the Achaean League in b. c. 280, Bura was governed by a tyrant, whom the inhabit- ants slew in 275, and then jomed the confederacy. A little to the E. of Bun was the river Buralcus; and on the banks of this river, between Bora and the sea, was an aracular cavern of Heracles snr- ttamed Buraicus. (Herod. L 145 ; Pol. ii. 41 ; Smb. pp. 386, 387, and 59 ; Diod. xv. 48 ; Pans, vii. 25. § 8, seq.) The ruins of Bura have been diKcovered nearly midway between the rivers of Bok- hutia (Cerynites), and of Kaiavryta (Buraicus) near Trwpia. (Leake, Morea^ vol. iii. p. 399, Pelopon- nesiaea, p. 387.) Ovid says that the ruins of Bora, like those of Helice, were still to be seen at the bot- tom of the sea; and Plfny makes the same assertion. (Ov.Met. XV. 293; Plin. ii. 94.) Hence it has been tuppoeed that the ancient Bura stood upon the coast, and after its destruction was rebuilt inland; BURDIGALA. 457 but neither Pftusanias nor Strabo states that the ancient city was on the coast, and their words render it improbable. / ' . />, BURAICUS. [BfP»(L] -^'"-'w ^ < / Cj*U//: BURCHANA {Bovpx(wis'. Borcum), caUedvFa- baria, from a kind of wild beans growing there, was an island at the mouth of the Amasia (Enu), which was discovered and conquered by Drusus. (Strab. vii. 291 ; PUn. iv. 27.) [L. S.] BURDFGALA or BURDEGALA (Bovp6iyaai Bottrdeatix or Bordeaux)^ the chief town of the Bi- turiges Vlvisci, on the left bank of the (?arofme, or, as Strain) (p. 190), the first writer who motions the place, describes it, on the aestoaiy {KifiPaS<iaaaa) of the Garonne, which aestuary is named the Gi- ronde. The position of Burdigala at Bordeaux is proved by the various roads in the Table and the Antonine Itin. which run to this place from Medio- lanum (Ssinfes), from Vesunna {Periffetai)^ Aginnum (iljjTAt), and from other places. It was the em- porium or port of the Bituriges Vivisci, and a place of great commerce mider the empire. Ausonius, a native of Burdigala, who lived in the fourth century, describes it in his little poem entitled ** Oido No- bilium Urbium;" and though ho describes it hist, he describes it more particuliu-ly than any of the rest. Ausonius is our authority for the pronunciation of the name: — " Burdigala est natale solum, dementia caeli Mitis ubi, et riguae hrga indulgentia terrae." It was in the early centuries of the Christian aera one of the schools of Gallia. Ausonius {Commem. Prof, Burd,) records the fame of many of the prdessors, but they are all rhetoricians and grammarians; for rhetoric and grammatic, as the terms were then used, were the sum of Gallic education. Tetricus assumed the purple at Burdigala, having been pro- claimed emperor by the soldiers when he was governor ofAquitania. (Eutrop. ix. 10.) The importance of Burdigala in the Roman period appears from the fact of its having the title of Metropolis of Aquitania Secunda (Metropolis Civitas Burdegalensium), after the division of Aquitania into several provinces. Burdigala was taken by the Visigoths, and it was included in their kingdom during their dominion in the south-west of Gaul ; but Toulouse was their capital. We know little of Burdigala except from the verses of Ausonius. He describes the city as qua- drangular, with walls and very lofty towers. The streets were well placed, and it contained large open places or squares (plateae). He mentions a stream that ran through the middle of the dty into the Garonne, wide enough to admit ships into the town when the tide rose. In fact, the channel of this littie stream was converted into a dock ; but it does not exist now. Ausonius mentions a fountain named Divona, which supplied the city with water. Some traces of a subterraneous aqueduct have been dis- covered near Bordeaux, a short distance from the Porte dAquUaine on the great road from Bordeaux to Langon, The only remaining Roman monument at Bordeaux is the amphitheatre commonly called the Arenea or the Palais Gaiiien. This building had externally two stories surmounted by an Attic, altogether above 65 feet high. The length of the arena was about 240 English feet, and the width about 175 feet The thickness of the constructions, which supported the seats, is estimated at about 91 feet, which makes the extreme length 422 feet.