Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/470

 452 BRUTTIUM. work of Bom&nelli (the Antica Topografa Tttorica del Regno di Napoli^ Naples, 1815) the author has followed almost exclusively the au^ority of Barrio and his commentators. There is no doubt that a careful examination of the localities themselves bv ■r a well-informed and enterprising traveller would add greatly to our knowledge of their ancient geography and condition. [E. H. B.J BRUTTIUM. [BRunii.] BRUZUS, probably in Phiygia. Cramer (^Agia Minor, vol. ii. p. 55) refers to this place a coin with the epigraph Bpovfywv, and he supposes that Dru- zon, which Ptolemy places among the cities of Pbrygia Magna, should be Bruzon. [G. L.] BRYA'NIUM (Bpucb'u)!/), a town of Macedonia, in the district Deuriopus in Paeonia. Stephanns erroneously calls it a town of Epirus. (Liv. xxxi. 39 ; Strab. vii. p. 327 ; Steph. B. «. v. ; Leake, North- «m Greedy vol. iii. p. 307.) BRYGI (Bp^oO, called BRIGES (Bpfycs) by the Macedonians, a Thrsdan people dwelling in Ma- cedonia, north of Beroea in the neighbourhood of Mt. Bermius. They attacked the army of Mardonius, when he was marching through Macedonia into Greece in b.c. 492. (Herod, vi. 45, vii. 73, 185; Strab. viL pp. 295, 330; Steph. B. $, v. RplytsJ) It was generally believed that a portion of this Thracian people emigrated to Asia Minor, where they were known under the name of Phrygians. (Herod, vii. 73; Strab. U. ec.) [Phrtoia.] Stephanns men- tions two Macedonian towns, Brygias (Bfyvylas) and Brygium (Bpiytop), which were apparently situated in the t^ritory of Uie Brygi. Some of the Brygi were also settled in Ulyricnm, where they dwelt apparently north of Epidamnus. Strabo assigns to them a town Cydriae. (Strab. vii. pp. 326, 327 ; Appian, B. C. ii. 39.) BRY'LLION (Bp^AAiov: Eth.Bpu?0nay6s; Steph. «. v.), a city on the Propontis in Bithynia. Stepha- nns reports that it was Cios, according to Ephorus, by which be probably means that Bryllium was the old name of Gius. There was a district Biyllis which contained the small town of Dascyleium. Pliny (v. 32) mentions Bryllium, which he evidratly takes to be a different place from Gins, but near to it. [G. L.] BRYSEAE (Bfnffftted, Hom. //. ii. 583 ; Bpv- <r*aty Pans. iii. 20. § 3 ; Bpvtriai, Steph. B. «. 9.), a town of Laconia, SW. of Sparts, at the foot of the ordinary exit from Mt Taygetus. Its name oc- curs in Homer, but it had dwindled down to a small village in the time of Pausanias, who mentions, however, a temple of Dionysus at the place, into which women alone were permitted to enter, and of which they performed the sacred rites. Leake dis- covered the site of Bryseae at the village of Sindnbt^ near SklavokhdrL He remarks that the marble from SHavokhori, which was presented by the Earl of Aberdeen to the British Museum, probably came from the above-mmtioned temple at Bryseae: it bears the name of two priestesses, and represents various articles of female apparel. Leake found another marble at Sin&nJbey, which is also in the British Museum. (Leake, Morea, vol. L p. 187, Pdopomtesiaca, pp. 163, 166.) BUANA (BoiHiva, Ptd. v. 13. § 21), a city of Armenia, about the site of wluch there has been considerable difference of opinion. Rawlinson {Lond. Geog. Joum. vol. x. p. 90) considers that the gi'eat city of SaBxtny with the capture of which the second campaign of Henuslioa terminated (Theophanes, BUBASSUS. p. 260; comp. Milman*s GibboHj vol. viii. p. 245; Le Beau, Btu Empire, vol. xi. p. 166), is the same word which is written Buana by Ptolemy, and Iban by Cedrenus (ii. p. 774). Sal is evidently the Kurdish Sh&l or Shdr (for the /and r are constantly confounded), signifying a city, and Salban thus be- comes the city of Van. According to this view, the second campaign of Heraclius, in which Gibbon sup- poses him to have penetrated into the heart of Persia, must be confined to the countries bordering on the Aiaxes. D'Anville, who has illustrated the campaign of Heraclius (Mem. de V Acad. voL xxviii. pp. 559 — 573), has not attempted to fix a site for Salbanj and finds in Artemita [Abtemita] the ancient representative of Van, [E. B. J.] BUBALIA. [BuDAUA.] BUBASSUS XBv€aaa6s : Eth, Bvedffffios), a town in Caria. Ephorus, according to Stephanns, wrote B6€currof and Buidcmov ; and Diodorus (v. 62) means the same place, when he calls it Bu- bastus of the Chersonesus. Pliny (v. 28) has a " regie Bubassus;" and he adds, '* there was a town Acanthus, otherwise called Dulopolis." He places the '* regie Bubassus" next to Triopia, the district of Triopium. Finally, Mela mentions a Bubassins Sinus (i. 16). The Bubassia Chersonesus is men- tioned by Herodotus (i. 174, where the MS. reading is BvSXwiiis^ but there is no doubt that it has been properly corrected BuSaaffiris). Herodotus tells a story of the Cnidians attempting to cut a canal through a narrow neck of land fw the pur- pose of insulating their peninsula, and protecting themselves against the Persians ; they were at the work while Harpagus was conquering Ionia. The isthmus where they made the attempt -vas five stadia wide, and rocky. This place cannot be the isthmus which connects the mainland with the high peninsula, now called Cape Krio, for it is sandy, and Strabo says that Cape Krio (p. 656) was once an island, but in his time was connected with the land by a causeway. Besides tliis, the chief part of the city of Cnidos was on the mainland, as Beaufort observes (JTaramonta, p. 81), though we cannot be sure that this was so in the time of Harpagus. The passage in Herodotus is somewhat obscure, but mainly beoiuse it is ill pointed. His description is in his usually diffuse, hardly gramma- tical, form. Herodotus says, *' Both other Hellenes inhabit this country (Caria) and Lacedaemonian colonists, Cnidians, their territory being turned to the sea (the name is Triopium), and conunencing from the Chersonesus Bnbassie, and all the Cnidia being surrounded by the sea, except a small part (for on the north it is bounded by the Gulf Cera- micus, and on the south by the sea in the direction of Syme and Rhodus); now at this small part, being about five stadia, the Cnidians were working to dig a canal." It is clear, then, that he means a narrow neck some distance east of the town of Cnidus. "^ It is now ascertained, by Captain Graves' survey of the coast, that the isthmns which the Cnidians attempted to dig through is near the head of the Gulf of Syme.** (Hamilton, Reeearchet, ^. vol. ii. p. 78.) The writer of this article has not seen Captain Graves' survey. Mr. Brooke, in his Remarks on the Island and Gulf of Syme (London Geog. Journal, vol. viii. p. 134), places the spot where the canal was attempted N. by W. from Syme, " where the land sinks into a bay." It is very narrow, but he had not the opportunity of measuring it He adds, *^ The Triopian peninsula