Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/435

 BOIL the Gaals under Hamilcar, and the destraction of PlacentU, in b. c. 200 (Liv. xxxi. 2, 10), and from tbia time, during a period of ten years, notwith- standing repeated defeats, they continued to carry on the contest against Borne, sometimes single-handed, but more frequently in alliance with the Insubrians and the neighbouring tribes of Ligiirians. At length, in B, c. 191, they were completely reduced to sub- mission by Scipio Nasica, who put half their popn- laU<Hi to the sword, and deprived them of nearly half their lands. (Liv. xxxii. 29 — 31, zxxiii. 36, 37, xxxiv. 21, 46, 47, xxxv. 4, 5, 22, xxxvi. 38 — 40.) In order to secure the territory thus acquired, the Bomans soon after established there the colony of Bonoiiia, and a few years later (b.c. 183) those of Mutina and Parma. The construction in B.C. 187 of the great military road from Ariminum to Pla- centia, afterwards so celebrated as the Via Aemilia, must hare contributed greatly to the same result. (Liv. zzxTii. 57, xxxix. 2, 55.) But the conquerors do not appear to have been contented even with these precautions, and ultimately compelled all the remaining Boiana to migrate from their country and recross the Alps, where th^ found a refuge with the kindred tribe of the Tauriscans, and established themselves on the frontiers of Pan- nonia, in a portion of the modem Bohemia, which de- rives its name from tiiem. Here they dwelt for above a century, but were nltimatelyezterminated by the Da- dans. (Strab. V. p. 2 1 3, vii. pp. 304, 3 1 3.) Hence both Strabo and Pliny speak of them as a people that had ceased to exist in Italy in their time. (Strab. v. pu 2 1 6 ; Plin. iii. 1 5. s. 20.) It is therefore almost im- possible to determine with any accuracy the confines of the territory which they occupied. Polybius speaks of the Ananes as bordering on them on the W., but no other author mentions that nation; and Livy re- peatedly speaks of tlie Boii as if they were contermi- nous with the Ligurians on tlieir western frontier. Nor is the exact line of demarcation between them and the Senones on the E. better marked. Livy ex- pressly speaks of the three colonies of Parma, Mu- tina, and Bononia as established in the territory of the Boii, while Ariminum was certainly in that of the Senones. But the Umit between the two is no- where indicated. The long protracted resistance of the Boii to the Roman arms sufficiently proves that they were a powerful as well as warlike people; and after so many campaigns, and the repeated devastation of their lands, they were still able to bring not less than 50,000 men into the field agamst Scipio Nasica. (Liv. xxxvL 40.) Cato even reported that they comprised 112 different tribes (op. Plin. L c). Nor were they by any means destitute of civilization. Polybius, indeed, speaks of them (in common with the other Gauls) as inhabiting only nnwalled villages, nnd ignorant of all arts except pasturage and agri- cnltare (PoL ii. 17); but Livy repeatedly alludes to their towns and fortresses (castella), and his account of the triumph of Scipio Nasica over them pro'e8 that they possessed a considerable amount of the precious metals, and were able to work both in silver and brcHize with tolerable skill. (Liv. xxxvi. 40.) A large portion of their territory seems, howe*er, to have beoi still occupied by marshes and forests, among which last one called the Litaxa Silva was the scene of more than one conflict with the Roman annies. (Liv. xxiii. 24, xxxiv. 22; Fnutin. Strat. L6. §4.) [E. H. B.] BOIOHE'MUM, the name of the country in which BOLA. 417 Maroboduus resided. (Veil. Pat. ii. 109.) The meaning of the name is evidently *'home of the Boii," Botenheim, Bdhettn^ that is, Bohemia. [L. S.] BOIODU'RUM (Boi6Bovpov: lunstadt), a town or fort in Noricum, opposite to Batava Castra, at the point where the Irm (Acnus) empties itself into the Danube. (Ptol. iii. 13. § 2; Notit. Imp,; Itin. Ant. p. 249; Eugipp. Vit. Sever. 19, 22.) The name of the place indicates that it was probably built by the Boii. [L. S.] BOIUM (Bo(^i'), a town of Doris, and one of the original towns of the Doric tetrapolis, the ruins of which are placed by Leake near Marioldtes, (Thuc. i. 107; Scymn. Ch. 592; Strab. ix. p. 427; Scylax, p. 24; Conon, Narr. 27; Plin. iv. 7. s. 13 ; Tzetz. ad Lycophr, 741 ; Ptol. iii. 15. § 15 ; Steph. B. 8, r.; Lttike, Northern Greece^ vol. ii. pp. 91, 94.) BOLA or BOLAE (Buka: Eih, Btokayds, Bo- lanus), an ancient city of Latinm, which is repeatedly mentioned in the early history of Rome. Its foun- dation is expressly ascribed by Viigil (Aen, vi. 776) to the kings of Alba, and its name is found also in the list given by Diodorus of the colonies of that city. (Died. vii. op. Ettseb. Arm. p. 185.) Hence there is no doubt that it was properly a Latin city, though its name does not appear among the list of those tluit composed the league. (Dionys. v. 61.) But it fell at an early period into the hands of the Aequians. Dionysius describes it as one of the towns taken by Coriohinus, together with Toleria and Labicura (^Id. viii. 18; Plut. Cor. 28); and though Livy does not notice its conquest upon that occasion, he speaks of it as an Aequian town, when the name next occurs in history, B.C. 411. In this instance the Bolani were among the foremost to engage in war, and ravaged the lands of the neighbouring Labicum, but being unsupported by the rest of the Aequians, they were defeated, and their town taken. (Liv. iv. 49 ; Died. xiii. 42.) It was, however, recovered by the Aequians, and a fresh colony established there, but was again taken by the Romans under M. Postnmius ; and it was on this occasion that the proposal to esta- blish a Roman colony there, and portion out its lands among the settlers, gave rise to one of the fiercest seditions in Roman histiwy. (Liv. hr. 49 — 51.) Whether the colony was actually sent, does not ap- pear: according to Livy, the town was again in the hands of the Aequians in b. c. 389, when they were defeated beneath its walls by Camillus; but Dio- dorus represents it as then occupied by the Latins, and besieged by the Aequians. (Liv. vi. 2; Died, xiv. 117.) This is the last mention of the name in history (for in Died. xx. 90, Bola is certainly a mis- take or corruption of the text for Bovianum): it was probably destroyed during these wars, as we find no subsequent trace of its existence; and it is enume- rated by Pliny among the towns which had in bis time utterly disappeared (iii. 5. s. 9). The site is very uncertain : it is commonly placed at a vilhige called PoUy situated in the mountains about 8 miles N. of Praeneste; but Livy tells us (iv. 49) that its " ager " bordered on that of Labicum, and Uie narra- tives of Dionysius and Plutarch above cited seem clearly to point to a situation in the neighbourhood of Labicum and Pedum. Hence it is much more probabk), as suggested by Fiooroni and Nibby, that it occupied the site of LugnanOy a village about 5 miles S. of Pakstrina (Praeneste), and 9 SE. of La CoUmna (Labicum). The position is, like tiiat of most of the other towns in this neighbourhood, naturally fortified by the ravines that surround it: and EB