Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/418

 Balka, ^hich corresponds nearlj with the tribe of Qad, but as this is south of et-Saltj its situation hardlj suits that of Betonim, though there is a striking similarity in the names. (Robinson, Bib. Res. vol. iii. p. 169 of the Appendix.)

BETULLO. [.]

 BEUDOS VETUS, a town of Phrygia, whidi Livy (xxxviii. 15), when describing the march of Manlius, places five Roman miles from Synnada, and between Synnada and Anabura. Hamilton {He- searcheSj &c vol. i. p. 467) is inclined to fix it at J^iki (Old) Kara Eistar, which " is situatad about .1 or 6 miles due north of the great plain of Phrygia Paroreius, throughout which are considerable re- mains of ancient monuments and inscriptions." But JBeiad, a phice N£. of Eski Kara Hiuar, may be Beudos, for the names are the sam% (Leake, Asia Minor ^ pw 56.) If the site of Synnada could be cer- tainly ascertained, we might determine, perhaps, that of Beudos. [.]

 BEVE (Bcvn: Eth, Bci/euor), a town in Lyncestis in Macedonia, situated on the river Bevus, a tributary of the Erigon, and probably the southern branch of the latter river. (Steph. B. s.v. Liv. xxxi. 33 ; Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. iii. pp. 310, 314.)

 BEZABDA (J&nCMn Jezireh-rbn-'Omar), a Roman fortress situated on a low sandy island in the llgris, at about 60 miles below the junction of its £. and W. branches, about three miles in circum- ference, and surrounded on all sides by mountains. According to Ammianus Marcellinus (xx. 7. § 1) the ancient name was Phoenicia. As it was situated in a territory occupied by the tribe of the Zabdeni, it owed its name of Besabda, a corruption of the Syriac words Beit-Zabda, to this circumstance. The Romans granted it the privileges of a municipal town ; and in the reign of Gonsitantius it was gar- risoned by three legions, and a great number of native archers. It was besieged by Sapor a.d. 360, and captured. On account of the obstinate resistance of the inhabitants, a fearful massacre followed, in which neither women nor children were spared. Nine thousand prisoners, who had escaped the car- nage, were transplanted to Persia, with their bishop Heliodoms and all his clergy.

The exiled church continued under the super- intendence of bis successor Dausus, who, a.d. 364, received the crown of martyrdom along with the whole of the clergy. (^Acta Mart. Sjpr.j Asseman, vol. i. p. 134—140.)

Oonstantius made an unsuccessful attempt to recover this fortress. (Amm. Marc. xx. 11. § 6; >filman's Gibbon^ vol. iii. p. 207; Le Bean, Bas Empire, vol. ii. p. 340.) The Saphe (Sa^wj) of Ptolemy (v. 18) which he places between Dorbeta And Debe, has been identified by some with Bezabda. (Comp. iatpdj Plut LucuU. 22.) Mr. Alnsworth {Joutnud Rojfol Geog. Society, vol. xi. p. 15) assigns Jlisn Kei/a to Saphe, and Jedreh to Deba. The fortress occupies the greater part of the island, and is defended by a wall of bkick stone, now fallen into decay. (Kinneir, Travels^ p. 450; Chesney, Exped. Euphrat. vol. L p. 19; Ritter, Erdtunde, vol. i. p. 146 ; St. Martin, 3fem. eur I Armenia, voL x. p. 162.)

 BEZEK (BcC(K, BcC<^Ki}), a city of the Canaanite^ at the time of the entering in of the children of Israel ; the capital of a district which gave its name to one of the petty kitigs or sheikhs of the country. (Judg, i. 4, 5.) It Is only mentioned again in 1 Sam, xi. 8, though it may be doubted whether these two are identical, as the former was in Judah, and the latter apparently in Benjamin. Eusebius and St. Jerome (^Onom. e. v.) mention two cities of that name, near each other, 17 miles from Neapolis, on the road to Scythopolis. But these cannot represent either of the Scripture sites. The Greeks mention a place in the eastern borders  BEZER (Bosor and Bosora, Boo-^, B<{<ropa), the southernmost of the three cities of refuge, on the east of Jordan, in the wilderness, in the plain country, belonging to the Reubenites (DeuL iv. 43, JodL XX. 8), assigned to the priests (xxi. 36). There is no further clue to its site, and it is mis- placed by Eusebius, who confounds it with Bozra. Bossora and Bosor occur as two distinct cities in 1 Maoc. V. 26, large and strong, — but are thero placed in Gilead (comp. verses 27, 36). As, how- ever, Bosor is mentioned as the first city to which Judas came after quitting the Nabathaeans, it was apparently the southernmost of all the cities named; it was, moreover, in the wUdemen (verse 28; comp. Josephus, Ant xii. 8. § 3), and therefore very pro- bably the City of Refuge, in which case GUead must be taken in a wider sense in the passages above cited.

 BIABANNA (Bia^cCya and Bimwira^a, Ptol. vl 7), a town in the interior of Arabia Felix, 76^ 30 23° O' of Ptolemy. Identical in position with the modern B%Man, on the south of the mountains Sumama (the Zametus of Ptolemy), mentioned by Captain Sadlier. (MS. Journal cited by Forster, Arabia^ vol. ii p. 313, note, comp. p. 250.) [G. W.] BIAS (Bias), a small river of Messenia, f:illiug into the sea between the Pamisus and Corone. (Pans, iv. 34. § 4.)

 BIATIA. [.]

<section end="BIATIA" /> <section begin="BIBACTA" />BIBACTA (Bi^oKTo, Arrian, Indie, 21), an island two stadia from the coast of Gedrwia, and opposite to a harbour named by Nearchus Alexa$idri Partus. The whole district round it was called San- gada. (AnwL, Indie 21.) It appears to be the r^ same as the Bibaga of Pliny (vi. 21. s. 23), the de- X scription of shell fish mentioned by him as found ^^^ there applying to the notice of its productions ii^ ^ ^ Arrian. Its present name is Chiiney Isle, It is called Camelo in Purchas*s Voyages, and in the Por- tuguese Map, in Thevenot's Collection. (Vincenty Voyage of Nearchus^ vol. i. p. 199.) [V.]

<section end="BIBACTA" /> <section begin="BIBALI" />BI'BALI. [.]

<section end="BIBALI" /> <section begin="BIBE" />BIBE, a place in Gallia, which the Table fixes between CiUagum {ChailU) and Durocortorum {Reims). D'Anville (Notice, <fc.) gives reasons for supposing that the site may be Ablois, a large houx^, which is separated from the Mame by a high hill.

<section end="BIBE" /> <section begin="BIBLIS" />BIBLIS (Biexli), a fountain in the territory of >^ >>^ Miletus. (Paus.vii.5. §10,viL24. §5.)

<section end="BIBLIS" /> <section begin="BIBRACTE" />BIBRACTE (Auiun), the chief town of the^ ^^ Aedui, as it is called by Caesar (B. G. i. 23 ; vii. / 5^ 55, 63), is the town which afterwards had the / J^ name of Augustodunum. It is not possible to find I ^^ any site for Bibracte except Augustodunum; the"'^^'^ position of which is well fixed at Autvn by the itinerary measures from Bourges and Chdhns-sur- Saone.

Caesar describes Bibracte as much the largest andjich^t to^-n of the AeduL When he was pur-<section end="BIBRACTE" />