Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/411

 BEKGULC. BERGULE, BERGULAE, VIRGULAE or BER- GULIUM (B€pyo^ri^B€pyovKtoy: DtjaUd-Borgas), ft town in Thrace, which was in later times called AicadiapoUs. (Ptoi. iii. 11. §12; Geofrr. Bar. !▼. 6 ; Itin. Hier. p. 569 ; Gedren. p. 266 ; Theof^an. pi 66.) [L. S.] BEKGOMUM {"RiffyoyMP', Eth, Bergomas, atas : Beryaimo a city of Cisalpine Ganl, situated at the loot of the Alps, between Brixia and the Lacus Larins: it was 33 miles NE. from Milan, (Itin. Ant. p. 127.) According to Plinj, who follows- the aathority of Cato, it was a city of the Orobii, but thiit tribe is not mentioned by any other author, and Bei^mnm is incloded by Ptolemy in the ter- ritory of the Cenomani. (Plin. iii. 17. s. 21 ; Ptol. iiL 1. § 31.) Justin also mentions it among the cities founded by the Gauls, after they had crossed the Alps, and expelled the Tuscans from the plains of nofthem Italy. (Justin, xx. 5.) No mention of it is, however, found in history previous to the Roman Em^re, when it became a considerable mu- nicipal town, as attested by inscriptions as well as bj Pliny and Ptolemy. It seems to have derived cooaiderable wealth finom valuable copper mines which existed in its territory. (Plin. xxxiv. 1 . s. 2 ; OreU. Inter. 3349, 3898.) In b. g. 452, it was one of the cities laid waste by AttiU {Hist, MitcelL XV. p. 549); but after the &11 of the Roman Empire it is again mentioned by Prooo|nus as a strong for- Iras, and under the Lombard kings was one of the chief towns in this part of Italy, and the capital of a duchy. (Procop. B. G. ii. 12 ; P. Diac ii. 15, iv. 3.) In late writers and the Itineraries the name is corruptly written Pergamus and Bergame: but all earfier writers, as well as inscriptions, have Ber- gomnm. The modem city of Bergamo is a flou- rishing and populous place, but contains no ancient remains. [£. H. B.] BERGU'SIUM or BERGU'SIA, in GalUa, on the road between Vienna ( Viame) and a place named Aiigustum. The Antonine Itin. and the Table agree very nearly as to the position of Beigusium, which is XX or xxi M. P. firom Vienna, and supposed to be a place named Bomyoin, Augustum is supposed to be AmU. [G. L.] BERIS or BIRES (Bi)pir, B/fn?0, a river of Pon- tus, which Arrian places 60 stadia from the Thoaris. Hamilton {Regearchesy &c. vol. L p. 280) identifies it with the Melittch Chai, "a deep and slug-jish rivter," between Uwiek and the Thermodon. Ha foond it to be six miles, or 60 stadia, from the Thmrih Trmak, which he seems to identify correctly with the Thoaris. [G. L.] BE'RmUS MONS (rh Bipfuw i(tos: Verr%a a range of mountains in Macedonia, between the Ha- liamnon and Ludias, at the foot of which stood the city of Beroea. Herodotus relates that this moun- tain was impassable on account of the cold, and that beyond it were the gardens of Midas, in which the roses grew spontaneously. (Herod. viiL 138; Strab. viL p. 330.) The Bermius is the same as the Bora of Livy (xIt. 29), and is a continuation of Mount Banras. (Miller, Doriant, voL L p. 469, transL; Leake, Northern Greece^ vol. iii. p. 295.) BEROEA. 1. (B^poia, B4^ia; Eth. BtpoaioSy Steph. B.; Beroeus, Liv. xxiii. 39: Frnna), a city of Macedonia, in the N. part of the province (Plin. IT. 10), in the district caUed Emathia (Ptol. iii. 13. § 39), on a river which flows into the Haliacmon, and upon one of the lower ridges of Mount Bermius (Strab. viL p. 330). It was attacked, though un- BEROEA. 393 successfully, by the Athenian forces under Callias, B.C. 432. (Thuc. i. 61.) The statement of Thn- cydides presents some geographical difficulties, as Beroea lies quite out of the way of the natural route fromPydnatoPotidaea. Mr. Grote (Fwt t^f (7r«ece, vol. vi. p. 96) considerB that another Beroea, situated somewhere between Gigonus and Therma, and out of the limits of that Macedonia which Perdiccas go« vemed, may probably be the place indicated by Thu- cydides. Any remark from Mr. Grote deserves the highest consideration ; but an objection presents itself against this view. His aigument rests upon the hy- pothesis that there was another Beroea in Thrace or in Emathia, though we do not know its exact site. There was a town called Beroea in Thrace, but we are enabled to fix its position with considerable cer- tainty, as lying between Pfailippopolis and Kicopolis (see below), and no single authority is adduced to show that there was a second Beroea in Thrace be- tween Gigonus and Theima. Beroea surrendered to the Roman consul after the battle of Pydna (Liv. xliv. 45), and was assigned, with its territory, to the third region of Macedonia (xlv. 29). St. Paul and Sihs withdrew to this city from Thessalonica; and the Jewish residents are de- scribed as more ingenuous and of a better disposition than those of the latter place, in that they diligoitly searched the Scriptures to ascertain the truth of the doctrines taught by the Apostle. (ActSj xrii. 11.) Sopater, a native of this town, accompanied St. Paul to Asia. {ActSy xx. 4.) Lucian (Jmitf, 34) de- scribes it as a large and populous town. It was si- tuated 30 M. P. from Pella (Pmt. Tab.), and 5 1 M. P. from Thessalonica (/^n. Anton.), and is mentioned as one of the cities of the thema cf Macedonia. (Con- stant de Them, ii. 2.) For a rare coin of Beroea, belonging to the time of Alexander the Great, see Basche, vol. i. p. 1492 ; Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 69. Verria stands on the E. slope of the Olympene range of mountains, about 5 miles from the left bank of the VisMtza or Inj6karay just where that river, after haring made its way to an immense rocl^ ra- rine through the range, enters the great maritime plain. Ferrta contains about 2000 families, and, from its natural and other advantages, is described as one of the most agreeable towns in RumiU. The rn- mains of the ancient dty are very considerable. Leake (JN^ortkem Greece, vol. iii. p. 291), from whom this account of Verria is taken, notices the NW. angle of the wall, or perhaps of the acropolis; these walls are traceable from that point southward to two high towers towards the upper part of the modem town, which appears to have been repaired or robuilt in Roman or Byzantine times. Only three insa ip- tions have been discovered. (Leake, 2. c.) 2. (Bcp^f, Steph. B. : Eth. Btpi^tnos), a town in Thrace, 87 M. P. from Adrianopolis (/^tin. Anton.; Hierocles), and situated somewhere between Philip- popolis and Nicopolis. (Amm. Marc xxvii. 4. § 12, xxxi. 9. § 1 ; Jonuoid. de Rebui GetuMj c. 18.) In later times it was called Irenopolis, in honour of tho empress Irene, who caused it to be repaired. (Theo- phan. p. 385; 2^onar. Ann. vol. il p. 115; Hi*i, Misc. xxxiii. p. 166, ap. Muratori.) St Martin, in his notes to Le Beau {Bae Empire, vol xii. p. 330), confounds this city with the Macedonian Beroea. Liberius was banished to this |^ace from Rome, and spent two years in exile there. (Socrates, il,E, iv. 11.) 3. (B^^oia, B4poia, Bipori, Bcpocfa: Eth. Be- p^cvf, Steph. B.; Beiooensis, Plin. t. 23; Itin,An»